Juárez, city (1990 pop. 789,522) Chihuahua state, N Mexico, on the Rio Grande opposite El Paso El Paso (ĕl pă`sō), city (1990 pop. 515,342), seat of El Paso co., extreme W Tex.
..... Click the link for more information. , Tex. Connected with the United States by three international bridges, it is a shipping point and highway and rail terminus. It is also the commercial and processing center for the surrounding cotton-growing area. Except for the river valley, under intense cultivation southeast of the city, Juárez is hemmed in by desert. It has experienced extremely rapid population growth and has been a favored location for the placement of maquiladoras maquiladoras (mäkē'lädō`räs), Mexican assembly plants that manufacture finished goods for export to the United States.
..... Click the link for more information. , foreign-owned manufacturing plants that finish goods for sale in the United States. Developing (1659) as the focal point for Spanish colonial expansion to the north, it was originally called El Paso del Norte and included settlements on both sides of the river, until they were split by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), which ended the Mexican War Mexican War, 1846–48, armed conflict between the United States and Mexico.

Causes

While the immediate cause of the war was the U.S. annexation of Texas (Dec., 1845), other factors had disturbed peaceful relations between the two republics.
..... Click the link for more information. . In 1888 the name of the Mexican town was changed to honor Benito Juárez Juárez, Benito (bānē`tō hwä`rās), 1806–72, Mexican liberal statesman and national hero.
..... Click the link for more information. , who made it his capital when exiled from central Mexico. The city was captured by Pascual Orozco and Francisco Villa in the early days of the revolution in 1910.

Juárez

or Ciudad Juárez

City (pop., 2000: 1,187,275), northern Chihuahua state, Mexico. Located on the Rio Grande opposite El Paso, Texas, it was formerly known as El Paso del Norte and was renamed in 1888 for Mexico's national hero, Benito Juárez, who headquartered there in 1865. Today it is an important border city and functions as the marketing centre for a cotton-growing area. The city has grown greatly since the 1970s because of the increase in the number of export-oriented assembly plants (maquiladoras) located there. It contains the Guadalupe mission (1662).