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Julian

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Julian

 or Julian the Apostate Latin Julianus Apostata orig. Flavius Claudius Julianus

Enlarge picture
Julian the Apostate, detail of a marble statue; in the Louvre, Paris
(credit: Giraudon/Art Resource, New York)
(born AD 331/332, Constantinople—died June 26/27, 363, Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia) Roman emperor (361–363), noted scholar and military leader. The nephew of Constantine I, he was raised a Christian but converted to mystical paganism. As caesar (subemperor) in the west, he restored the Rhine frontier and was proclaimed Augustus (senior emperor) by his armies. Though Constantius II initially objected to Julian as his successor, he accepted him on his deathbed (361). As emperor Julian proclaimed freedom of worship for pagans and Christians in 361; he nevertheless promoted paganism over Christianity, against which he committed acts of violence and persecution. He introduced austerity to government, reducing imperial staff and overhauling imperial finances. To reassert Roman power in the east he attacked Persia; the effort failed, and he was killed in a retreat near Baghdad.



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On his arrival at Rome, the Senate, through fear, elected him emperor and killed Julian.
The Prince by Machiavelli, Nicolo View in context
The matron told us the stranger's name was Julian Gray.
The New Magdalen by Collins, Wilkie View in context
Thus, beginning with the fifteenth century, where our story finds us, Paris had already outgrown the three concentric circles of walls which, from the time of Julian the Apostate, existed, so to speak, in germ in the Grand-Châtelet and the Petit-Châtelet.
Notre-Dame de Paris by Hugo, Victor View in context
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