`), province (1994 est. pop. 23,520,000), 141,000 sq mi (365,284 sq km), NW China. The capital is Lanzhou Lanzhou or Lanchow , city (1994 est. pop. 1,295,600), capital of Gansu prov., W China, on the Huang He (Yellow River) at its confluence with the Wei...... Click the link for more information. . Gansu is bordered by the Republic of Mongolia on the north. Its mountains include part of the Nanshan range and an extension of the Kunlun. The loess soil is fertile, but rainfall is inadequate and irrigation and land reclamation programs have had to be developed. Winter wheat, sorghum, millet, corn, rice, cotton, and tobacco are grown, especially in the Huang He (Yellow River) and Wei River valleys. Livestock (sheep, goats, horses, cows, and camels) are raised in the mountainous areas. Gansu's mineral resources include coal, copper, gold, nickel, zinc, and large deposits of iron ore and oil; two important oil fields are in the province. Lanzhou is a flourishing heavy industrial center, with one of the largest oil refineries in the country, and Yumen is an oil center; other towns are developing steadily. There is a satellite launch center near Jiuquan. Roads and railways have been extensively improved. Lanzhou is an important transportation hub; the Lanzhou–Xinjiang RR crosses the province, and the Lanzhou–Beijing RR has a connection through Mongolia to Russia.
Long isolated from the center of Chinese power, the Gansu area has traditionally been independent of all but the strongest central governments. After the 13th cent., Muslim strength grew, and fierce Muslim rebellions often plagued the central government. Today the province's strategic importance is enhanced by its control of communications into Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Russia. Although Han Chinese comprise most of the population, there are 11 major minorities, of which Muslims and Mongols are the largest. Gansu's boundaries have been changed several times in recent years. The former province of Ningxia was joined to it in 1954, then detached in 1958 and reconstituted as an autonomous region. In the 1969–70 redistricting, Gansu received a portion of W Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. In 1979 this decision was reversed, and Gansu was restored to its former size.
Gansu
or Kan-su conventional KansuProvince (pop., 2002 est.: 25,930,000), north-central China. It is bordered by Mongolia, the autonomous regions of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia, and the provinces of Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Qinghai. It has an area of 141,500 sq mi (366,500 sq km). Its capital is Lanzhou. For centuries a passage between the upper Huang He (Yellow River) region and western China, it became part of Chinese territory in the 3rd century BC. It was renowned as the entranceway into China used by Marco Polo. Eastern Gansu is the main site of earthquakes in China; in 1920 an earthquake there destroyed many towns and caused 246,000 deaths. Wheat is the province's chief crop, and wheat flour rather than rice is the basis of the local diet.
Gansu, Kansu
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