Kerosine

kerosene

 or kerosine

Organic compound, a clear, oily, highly flammable liquid with a strong odour, distilled from petroleum (10–25% of total volume). It is a mixture of about 10 different types of fairly simple hydrocarbons, depending on its source. It is less volatile than gasoline, boiling at 285–610 °F (140–320 °C). It is burned in lamps, heaters, and furnaces and is used as a fuel or fuel component for diesel and tractor engines, jet engines, and rockets and as a solvent for greases and insecticides.

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kerosene, kerosine

1. a liquid mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons with boiling points in the range 150?--300?C, used as an aircraft fuel, in domestic heaters, and as a solvent

2. the general name for paraffin as a fuel for jet aircraft

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kerosine [′ker·ə‚sēn]

(materials)

A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel for heating and cooking, jet engines, lamps, and weed burning and as a base for insecticides; specific gravity is about 0.8; components are mostly paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in the C₁₀to C₁₄range. Also known as lamp oil.

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Kerosine 

a fraction of petroleum that boils away between 200° and 300°C; it is used for domestic purposes as a stove or motor fuel.

Kerosine is manufactured with various fractional compositions and properties, depending on its purpose. Lamp kerosine is made in two main grades: light and heavy (pironaft). Light kerosine (density, 830 kg/m³; flash point, 40°C) is used domestically in lamps, oil stoves, and primus stoves; heavy kerosine (density, 860 kg/m³; flash point, 90°C) presents a lesser fire hazard and is used for lighting boiler rooms, shafts, storerooms, small boats, lighthouses, and beacons. Special grades of kerosine are made with a flash point of 40°C (98 percent boiling up to 315°C); they are used for coal flotation and as a raw material for pyrolysis.

Kerosine is also used for firing glass and porcelain ware, for washing parts, and for heating. This type is called industrial kerosine. Its properties differ slightly from those of other kerosine grades, except for the flash point (28°C) and sulfur content (up to 1 percent). Kerosine is sometimes used as a tractor fuel (tractor kerosine). Kerosine petroleum fractions are widely used as jet fuel.

REFERENCES

Nefteprodukty: Tekhnicheskie usloviia. Moscow, 1970.
Tovarnye nefteprodukty, ikh svoistva i primenenie. Edited by N. G. Puchkov. Moscow, 1971.

N. G. PUCHKOV