Leo, in astronomy
Leo [Lat.,=the lion], northern constellation constellation, in common usage, group of stars that appear to form a configuration in the sky; properly speaking, a constellation is a definite region of the sky in which the configuration of stars is contained...... Click the link for more information. lying S of Ursa Major and on the ecliptic ecliptic , the great circle on the celestial sphere that lies in the plane of the earth's orbit (called the plane of the ecliptic). Because of the earth's yearly revolution around the sun, the sun appears to move in an annual journey through the heavens with the
..... Click the link for more information. (apparent path of the sun through the heavens) between Cancer and Virgo; it is one of the constellations of the zodiac zodiac [Gr. zoion=animal], in astronomy, zone of the sky that includes about 8° on either side of the ecliptic. The apparent paths of the sun, the moon, and the major planets all fall within this zone.
..... Click the link for more information. . The Egyptians, Babylonians, Arabs, and Greeks all represented this constellation as a lion; it may be the first constellation to be pictorially represented. The most famous star in Leo is Regulus Regulus , brightest star in the constellation Leo; Bayer designation Alpha Leonis; 1992 position R.A. 10h08m, Dec. +12°00'. A bluish-white main-sequence star of spectral class B7 V, its apparent magnitude of 1.
..... Click the link for more information. (Alpha Leonis). The western part of the constellation is a curved line known as the Sickle; it represents the lion's head. The main constellation terminates in Denebola (Beta Leonis), the Lion's Tail. The meteor showers meteor shower, increase in the number of meteors observed in a particular part of the sky. The trails of the meteors of a meteor shower all appear to be traceable back to a single point in the sky, known as the radiant point, or radiant.
..... Click the link for more information. known as the Leonids appear to come from this constellation. Leo reaches its highest point in the evening sky in April.
Leo
(Latin: “Lion”) In astronomy, the constellation lying between Cancer and Virgo; in astrology, the fifth sign of the zodiac, governing approximately the period July 23–August 22. Its symbol, a lion, has been associated with the Nemean lion slain by Heracles. The Nemean lion was considered invulnerable because its skin was impervious to arrows, but Heracles battered it to death with a club. Zeus put the lion in the sky as a constellation.
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| It Takes a Lot of LEOs |
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| While the footprint of a GEO can cover the bulk of a continent, it takes many LEOs to cover the same area. Signals also travel to and from LEOs faster, making them more suitable for real-time applications than GEOs. |
Leo1
Leo2
leo [′lē·ō]
Leo [′lē·ō]
LEO [′lē·ōor¦el¦ē′ō]
| 1. | LEO - Low Earth Orbit | ||
| 2. | Leo - 1. ["The Leo Programming Language", G. Townsend, CS TR 84-7, U Arizona 1984]. |
Leo
Popes of the Catholic Church, of whom the most important follow.
Leo I the Great. Died Nov. 10, 461, in Rome. Pope from 440.
Leo I fought for the recognition of the primacy of the pope of Rome over the entire Christian church. In 445 he obtained from Emperor Valentinian III a rescript by which the pope would receive the right of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the provinces of the Western Roman Empire. However, he did not succeed in extending the papal primacy to the church of the Eastern Roman Empire (the Council of Chalcedon in 451 recognized the patriarch of Constantinople as the equal of the pope of Rome). Laying claim to the role of supreme judge in theological disputes, Leo I condemned heretical movements (Manichaeanism and the Monophysites; the latter were condemned by the Council of Chalcedon under the pope’s influence). According to tradition, for a sizable ransom Leo I prevented the seizure of Rome by the Huns in 452, and in 455 he persuaded Gaiseric, the king of the Vandals, to “limit himself’ to the sack of Rome, leaving its population alive and its churches intact, this also in exchange for a ransom.
Leo I was the author of the Tome (about the dual nature of Christ; 449) and about 100 sermons; in addition, about 150 encyclicals (epistles) are ascribed to him. He was canonized and included among the “doctors of the church” (1754).
B. IA. RAMM
Leo III. Born in 750 in Rome; died there June 12, 816. Pope from 795.
Leo III sought the protection of the Frankish king Charlemagne and became completely dependent on him. At the beginning of Leo Ill’s pontificate and under his influence, the Romans swore allegiance to the Frankish king, thus recognizing his sovereignty. In 799, the Roman aristocracy, dissatisfied with Leo’s policies, stirred up a mutiny, accusing him of “adultery and perjury.” The presence of Charlemagne, who arrived in Rome in 800 (on the request of Leo III), aided Leo III in “purging himself by oath” from all accusations and suppressing the mutiny. Later that same year (800), Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor. In 1673, Leo III was canonized.
B. IA. RAMM
Leo IX. Secular name, Bruno. Born June 21, 1002, in Egisheim; died Apr. 19, 1054, in Rome. Pope from 1049. Descended from the Dagsburg-Egisheim family of Alsatian counts. Protege of Emperor Henry III.
Leo IX was actively involved in the Cluniac reforms. Striving to centralize the Catholic Church, he sought to subordinate the bishops of Western Europe to the pope. In order to add southern Italy to the papal holdings, in 1053 he set forth at the head of bands of German, Lotharingian, and Italian knights against the Normans, who had seized that territory, but he suffered defeat in the battle at Civitate (June 18, 1053) and was taken prisoner (he was freed in 1054). The division into the Western Christian and Eastern Christian churches took place under Leo IX (1054). He was canonized.
REFERENCES
Chaikovskaia, O. G. “Problemy vozvysheniia papstva v XI v.” In the collection Iz istorii trudiashchikhsia mass Italii: Sb. st. Moscow, 1959.Leo X received a brilliant humanistic education. From 1489 he was a cardinal. Nepotism flourished under Leo X. He waged wars against the enemies of the Medicis and participated in various coalitions during the period of the Italian Wars of 1494–1559. Leo X, whose expenditures were enormous, made an extensive practice of selling the offices of bishop and cardinal. The large-scale profiteering by selling indulgences, cynically practiced by Leo X, served as an impetus for the Reformation. In 1520 he excommunicated Luther. In 1516 he signed the Concordat of Bologna with the French king Francis I.
Leo XIII. Secular name, Gioacchino Vincenzo Pecci. Born Mar. 2, 1810, in Carpineta; died July 20, 1903, in Rome. Pope from 1878.
Leo XIII strove to adapt the Catholic Church to the conditions of bourgeois society. He promoted the cooperation of the upper strata of the Catholic Church with the ruling classes of the capitalist states. In the encyclical Rerum novarum (1891), he formulated the social doctrine of the Catholic Church—he called for cooperation between labor and capital, preached the perpetual existence of classes, and as a counterbalance to the class organizations of workers, proposed the establishment of “worker corporations,” which were to engage in “moral and religious improvement.” The antisocialist doctrine of Leo III was made the basis for all the activity of the Catholic Church. He championed the union of the Christian churches under the aegis of Rome. Leo XIII contributed to the cessation of the Kulturkampf in Germany. Seeking papal alliances with bourgeois states, Leo XIII proposed that the French episcopacy recognize the French Republic.
Leo
emperors in Byzantium. The most important were the following:
Leo III the Isaurian (also known as Leo III the Syrian). Born circa 675, in Germanicea, Syria; died June 18, 741. Emperor from 717. Founder of the Isaurian dynasty.
Prior to his enthronement, Leo III was strategus of the Anatolikon theme. He came to power as a representative of the interests of the provincial military aristocracy. He strengthened the foreign-policy position of the empire, repulsing the onslaught of the Arab conquerors (at Constantinople in 718 and at Acroïnum in 740). In the struggle against the Arabs, Leo III sought an alliance with the Khazars. In 733 he arranged a marriage between his heir, Constantine, and the daughter of the Khazar kagan. Intending to bring the church under his power, Leo III supported Iconoclasm (726) and published an edict against the veneration of icons (730). In order to promote state centralization, he issued the Ecloga (collection of laws) in 726. He established new themes on the islands and coast of Asia Minor.
Leo VI the Wise. Born Sept. 1, 866, in Constantinople; died there May 11, 912. Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty from 886.
Leo VI represented the interests of the capital’s aristocratic dignitaries and commercial-crafts and usury elites. He strengthened the bureaucratic apparatus and deprived the senate of political importance. He issued the Basilica, a digest of laws, in about 890 and more than 100 novels (legislative decrees supplementing Roman law), and he implemented governmental regulation of the trades and commerce. He tried to subordinate the church: in 886 he deposed patriarch Photius, and in 907 he deposed patriarch Nicholas Mysticus, who condemned Leo’s fourth marriage. He waged wars against the Arabs with varying success and was defeated in the war of 894–96 against Bulgaria. His policies aroused the discontent of the provincial aristocracy; at the beginning of the tenth century Andronicus stirred up a rebellion against Leo VI. Tactica, a work on warfare, is ascribed to Leo VI.
REFERENCES
Kazhdan, A. P. “K istorii politicheskoi bor’by v Vizantii v nachale X v.” Uch. zap. Tul’skogo ped. in-ta, 1952, issue 3.Siuziumov, M. Ia. “Ekonomicheskie vozzreniia L’va VI.” In Vizantiiskii vremennik, vol. 15. Moscow, 1959.
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