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Lazzaro Spallanzani

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Spallanzani, Lazzaro 

Born Jan. 12, 1729, in Scandiano; died Feb. 12, 1799, in Pavia. Italian naturalist.

Spallanzani graduated from the University of Bologna. He was a professor at universities in Reggio nell’Emilia (from 1755), Modena (from 1763), and Pavia (from 1769).

Spallanzani worked in various fields of natural science, but his studies in experimental biology are particularly well known. He was the first to demonstrate experimentally the impossibility of spontaneous generation of microscopic organisms (Infusoria). Using microscopy, he studied regeneration in amphibians; also, he was the first to carry out artificial fertilization in amphibians and mammals. He found that eggs do not begin to develop until they have made contact with sperm. However, as an ovist (an adherent of preformation), he assumed that seminal fluid rather than spermatozoa is the major factor in fertilization because it stimulates the growth of the organism, which apparently preexists in the egg. Spallanzani also studied blood circulation, respiration, digestion, and the sense organs.

WORKS

Le opere, vols. 1–5. Milan, 1932–36.
Epistolario, vols. 1–5. Florence, 1958–64.

REFERENCE

Prandi,D. Bibliografía delle opere di L. Spallanzani. Florence, 1951.


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21, 1769, is addressed to the scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani, the last letter, without date, but probably written in April 1796, the year of Caminer's death, is in another hand and addressed to an unidentified "Preg[evo]le Amico.
These natural phenomena were discovered in 1794 by Italian Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799).
Her discussion of the important ovist Lazzaro Spallanzani begins with a mention of his education by a female professor at the University of Bologna, Laura Bassi (also the mother of eight children) (p.
 
 
 
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