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Leo Szilard |
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Szilard, Leo
Born Feb. 11, 1898, in Budapest; died May 30, 1964, in La Jolla, Calif. American physicist. Szilard studied at the Budapest Institute of Technology and the University of Berlin, graduating from the latter in 1922. He worked at the university from 1925 to 1932. In 1933 he went to England, and from 1935 to 1938 he conducted research at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital (London) and at Clarendon Laboratory (Oxford). From 1939 to 1942 he worked at Columbia University in New York, and from 1942 to 1946 at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in 1946. Szilard’s research dealt mainly with nuclear physics. In 1934, working with T. Chalmers, he discovered the effect of the cleavage of the chemical bond under neutron bombardment (the Szilard-Chalmers effect). In 1939, along with others, he demonstrated the possibility of carrying out a nuclear chain reaction with fission of uranium nuclei. Together with E. Fermi, he determined the critical mass of U–235 and took part in the design of the first nuclear reactor (1942). Szilard opposed the use of the atomic bomb and advocated a total ban on nuclear testing. Beginning in 1946, he worked in biophysics and molecular biology. REFERENCE“Leo Szilard.” Physics Today, 1964, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 89.I. D. ROZHANSKII Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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No references found | His team has completed a prototype of a type of fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein and his colleague, the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard. ADOLF HITLER was appointed chancellor of Germany many in January, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as president of the United States in March, Mohandas Gandhi carried out a hunger strike in May on behalf of the lower castes of India, the Vatican signed an accord with the Nazi regime in July, physicist and humanist Leo Szilard conceived of the nuclear chain reaction in September, and the Twenty-first Amendment to the U. Leo Szilard spent his entire life warning the world of the terrible dangers of the atomic bomb and pleading that it not be used, while Edward Teller cheered on and politically maneuvered the development of the hydrogen bomb and, under Ronald Reagan, the Star Wars program. |
Leo Szilard |
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