Lily (redirected from lilies)

lily, common name for the Liliaceae, a plant family numbering several thousand species of as many as 300 genera, widely distributed over the earth and particularly abundant in warm temperate and tropical regions. Most species are perennial herbs characterized by bulbs (or other forms of enlarged underground stem) from which grow erect clusters of narrow, grasslike leaves or leafy stems. A few are woody and some are small trees.

Evolutionally, the lily family is probably the basic monocotyledonous stock, its ancestors having given rise to the majority of contemporary monocots, e.g., the orchids, the palms, the iris and amaryllis families, and possibly also the grasses. The relationships between plants of the modern lily family are not always clear, and some botanists subdivide the Liliaceae into several families or, if they take a broader view of the family, include some groups such as the Agave and Amaryllis families.

Common Species

The name lily is used chiefly for plants of the genus Lilium and related species but is applied also to plants of other families, e.g., the water lily, the calla lily, and especially the numerous species of the amaryllis family (often included in the Liliaceae) whose blossoms closely resemble the true lilies in appearance. Familiar among North American species of Lilium are the wood lily (L. philadelphicum), Turk's-cap lily (L. superbum), and Canada, or wild yellow, lily (L. canadense) of the East and the leopard lily (L. pardalinum), Washington lily (L. washingtonianum), lemon lily (L. parryi), and Humboldt's lily (L. humboldtii) of the West. Widely cultivated and often naturalized Old World species are the Madonna lily (L. candidum) and the martagon lily (L. martagon), also called Turk's cap lily. The white trumpet lily (L. longiflorum) of Japan includes the Easter, or Bermuda, lily (var. eximium), which is the most popular greenhouse lily. The garden tiger lily is the Oriental species L. tigrinum, but many other lilies with spotted blossoms also bear the name.

Calochortus, mariposa or mariposa lily, is a genus of the lily family found in W North America. The white-blossomed sego lily (C. nuttallii) is the state flower of Utah. The day lilies, genus Hemerocallis [Gr.,=beautiful for a day], native to Central Europe and Asia, are much cultivated and often found naturalized along roadsides. The name day lily is occasionally used for the Oriental plantain lily genus (Hosta) because it too has short-lived flowers. The glory, or climbing, lilies (Gloriosa superba) are plants of tropical Asia and Africa that climb by means of tendrillike leaf tips.

Many common wildflowers also belong to the lily family, e.g., the asphodel, brodiea, camass, Canada mayflower (see mayflower), dogtooth violet, greenbrier (see smilax), lily of the valley, Solomon's-seal, star-of-Bethlehem, and trillium.

Economic Importance

Because of the showy blossoms characteristic of the family, many species are cultivated as ornamentals. This is the chief economic value of the Liliaceae; over 160 genera are represented in American trade. Types of hyacinth, lily, meadow saffron, squill, and tulip constitute the bulk of the "Dutch bulb" trade. Yucca and aloe species are popular succulents; the latter is also a drug source. Asparagus and plants of the onion genus are the only liliaceous food plants of commercial importance. A small tropical tree was the original source of dragon's blood.

Symbolism

In religion and art the lily symbolizes purity, and as the flower of the Resurrection and of the Virgin it is widely used at Easter. The lily of the Bible (Cant. 2.1) has been variously identified with the scarlet anemone, Madonna lily, and other plants; the "lilies of the field" (Mat. 6.28) probably means any wildflowers, perhaps the iris.

Classification

Lilies are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Liliopsida, order Liliales, family Liliaceae.

Bibliography

See F. F. Rockwell et al., The Complete Book of Lilies (1961); C. Feldmaier, Lilies (1970).

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lily

1. any liliaceous perennial plant of the N temperate genus Lilium, such as the Turk's-cap lily and tiger lily, having scaly bulbs and showy typically pendulous flowers

2. the bulb or flower of any of these plants

3. any of various similar or related plants, such as the water lily, plantain lily, and day lily

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lily [′lil·ē]

(botany)

Any of the perennial bulbous herbs with showy unscented flowers constituting the genusLilium.

Any of various other plants having similar flowers.

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lily

of then city-state Florence. [Flower Symbolism: Brewer Note-Book, 334]

See : Flower Or Plant, National

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lily

emblematic of the Blessed Virgin Mary. [Christian Symbol-ism: Appleton, 39]

See : Purity

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lily

symbol of Blessed Virgin; by extension, chastity. [Christian Symbolism: Appleton, 57–58]

See : Virginity

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Lily - (LIsp LibrarY) A C++ class library by Roger Sheldon <sheldon@kong.gsfc.nasa.gov> which gives C++ programmers the capability to write Lisp-style code. Lily's garbage collection mechanism is not sufficient for commercial use however and the documentation is incomplete. It is distributed under the GNU Library General Public License. Version: 0.1. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/uploads/lily-0.1.tar.gz.

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Lily

any bulbous perennial plant of the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae. The flowers are white, yellow, red, or orange and measure 13–15 cm across; they are tubular, campanulate, or bowl-shaped and often are fragrant. The fruit is a capsule with numerous flat brown seeds. The stems are leafy and die annually. In some lilies aerial bulblets capable of vegetative reproduction form in the axils of the leaves. Adventitious roots often develop underground at the base of the stem. The linear, lanceolate, or ovate leaves are sessile and either alternate or whorled. Lily bulbs consist of open scales that are succulent and egg-shaped.

There are more than 90 species of lilies, distributed in the forests and on the mountain slopes of the northern hemisphere. Fourteen species are found in the USSR—in the European USSR, the Caucasus, Siberia, and the Far East. All lilies are ornamentals, and more than 2,000 varieties are cultivated. They are grown in well-drained areas and fertilized regularly. In the central zone of the USSR some species and varieties must be cultivated in greenhouses or covered during the winter. Lilies are propagated by seeds, bulbs, offsets, aerial bulblets, and scales.

REFERENCES

Zalivskii, I. L. Lilii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1952.
Rockwell, F. F., E. C. Grayson, and J. de Graaff. The Complete Book of Lilies. New York, 1961.

M. B. BARANOVA