Rulers of the Byzantine Empire
| Emperor (or Empress) |
Dates of Reign |
| Constantine I (the Great) |
330–37 |
| Constantius |
337–61 |
| Julian (the Apostate) |
361–63 |
| Jovian |
363–64 |
| Valens |
364–78 |
| Theodosius I (the Great) |
379–95 |
| Arcadius |
395–408 |
| Theodosius II |
408–50 |
| Marcian |
450–57 |
| Leo I (the Great or the Thracian) |
457–74 |
| Leo II |
474 |
| Zeno |
474–75 |
| Basiliscus |
475–76 |
| Zeno (restored) |
476–91 |
| Anastasius I |
491–518 |
| Justin I |
518–27 |
| Justinian I (the Great) |
527–65 |
| Justin II |
565–78 |
| Tiberius II Constantinus |
578–82 |
| Maurice |
582–602 |
| Phocas |
602–10 |
| Heraclius |
610–41 |
| Constantine III and Heracleonas |
641 |
| Heracleonas |
641 |
| Constans II Pogonatus |
641–68 |
| Constantine IV |
668–85 |
| Justinian II Rhinotmetus |
685–95 |
| Leontius |
695–98 |
| Tiberius III |
698–705 |
| Justinian II (restored) |
705–11 |
| Philippicus Bardanes |
711–13 |
| Anastasius II |
713–15 |
| Theodosius III |
716–17 |
| Leo III (the Isaurian or the Syrian) |
717–41 |
| Constantine V Copronymus |
741–75 |
| Leo IV (the Khazar) |
775–80 |
| Constantine VI |
780–97 |
| Irene |
797–802 |
| Nicephorus I |
802–11 |
| Stauracius |
811 |
| Michael I |
811–13 |
| Leo V (the Armenian) |
813–20 |
| Michael II (the Stammerer) |
820–29 |
| Theophilus |
829–42 |
| Michael III (the Drunkard) |
842–67 |
| Basil I (the Macedonian) |
867–86 |
| Leo VI (the Wise or the Philosopher) |
886–912 |
| Alexander |
912–13 |
| Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus |
913–19 |
| Romanus I Lecapenus |
919–44 |
| Constantine VII (restored) |
944–59 |
| Romanus II |
959–63 |
| Basil II Bulgaroktonos |
963 |
| Nicephorus II Phocas |
963–69 |
| John I Tzimisces |
969–76 |
| Basil II (restored) |
976–1025 |
| Constantine VIII |
1025–28 |
| Zoë and Romanus III Argyrus |
1028–34 |
| Zoë and Michael IV (the Paphlagonian) |
1034–41 |
| Zoë and Michael V Calaphates |
1041–42 |
| Zoë and Theodora |
1042 |
| Zoë, Theodora, and Constantine IX Monomachus |
1042–50 |
| Theodora and Constantine IX |
1050–55 |
| Theodora |
1055–56 |
| Michael VI Stratioticus |
1056–57 |
| Isaac I Comnenus |
1057–59 |
| Constantine X Ducas |
1059–67 |
| Michael VII Ducas (Parapinaces) |
1067–68 |
| Romanus IV Diogenes |
1068–71 |
| Michael VII Ducas (restored) |
1071–78 |
| Nicephorus III Botaniates |
1078–81 |
| Alexius I Comnenus |
1081–1118 |
| John II Comnenus |
1118–43 |
| Manuel I Comnenus |
1143–80 |
| Alexius II Comnenus |
1180–83 |
| Andronicus I Comnenus |
1183–85 |
| Isaac II Angelus |
1185–95 |
| Alexius III Angelus |
1195–1203 |
| Isaac II (restored) and Alexius IV Angelus |
1203–4 |
| Alexius V Ducas |
1204 |
| Theodore I Lascaris |
1204–22 |
| John III Vatatzes or Ducas |
1222–54 |
| Theodore II Lascaris |
1254–58 |
| John IV Lascaris |
1258–61 |
| Michael VIII Palaeologus |
1259–82 |
| Andronicus II Palaeologus |
1282–1328 |
| Andronicus III Palaeologus |
1328–41 |
| John V Palaeologus |
1341–76 |
| John VI Cantacuzenus (usurper) |
1347–55 |
| Andronicus IV Palaeologus |
1376–79 |
| John V Palaeologus (restored) |
1379–91 |
| John VII Palaeologus (usurper) |
1390 |
| Manuel II Palaeologus |
1391–1425 |
| John VII Palaeologus (restored as coemperor) |
1399–1412 |
| John VIII Palaeologus |
1425–48 |
| Constantine XI Palaeologus |
1449–53 |