Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850–1924, U.S. Senator (1893–1924), b. Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1876. Before beginning his long career in the U.S. Senate he edited (1873–76) the North American Review, was lecturer (1876–79) on American history at Harvard, and edited (1880–81) the International Review with John Torrey Morse. He was (1880–81) a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives and was (1887–93) a U.S. Representative. He also wrote some historical works, as well as biographies of his great-grandfather George Cabot (1877), of Alexander Hamilton (1882), of Daniel Webster (1883), and of George Washington (1889); he edited an edition of the works of Hamilton (9 vol., 1885). As a Senator he was a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt, welcomed war with Spain in 1898, and favored the acquisition of the Philippines and the development of a strong army and navy. A conservative party-line Republican, he supported the gold standard and a high protective tariff, was a bitter opponent of President Wilson's peace policy, and, as chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, opposed U.S. entry into the League of Nations unless specified and highly limiting reservations were made to protect U.S. interests. He later opposed U.S. entry into the World Court. In 1920 he was one of the group of Senators who brought about Warren G. Harding's nomination.

Bibliography

See his Early Memories (1913).

Lodge, Henry Cabot

(born May 12, 1850, Boston, Mass., U.S.—died Nov. 9, 1924, Cambridge, Mass.) U.S. politician. He was the recipient of the first Ph.D. in political science awarded by Harvard University. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1887 to 1893 and in the Senate from 1893 to 1924. He supported U.S. entry into World War I but opposed participation in the League of Nations; as chairman of the Senate's foreign relations committee he delayed action on the adoption of the Treaty of Versailles with its covenant establishing the League. He proposed amendments (the Lodge reservations) that would require Senate approval before the U.S. would accept certain League decisions. Pres. Woodrow Wilson refused to accept the amendments, and the Senate rejected the treaty.

Lodge, Henry Cabot

(born July 5, 1902, Nahant, Mass., U.S.—died Feb. 27, 1985, Beverly, Mass.) U.S. politician and diplomat. The grandson of Sen. Henry C. Lodge, he served in the U.S. Senate (1937–44, 1947–52) and as U.S. representative to the UN (1953–60). In 1960 he was the Republican vice presidential candidate under Richard Nixon. During the 1960s he served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam and as ambassador to West Germany. In 1969 he was the chief U.S. negotiator at the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam. He later served as special envoy to the Vatican.

Lodge, Henry Cabot (1850–1924) U.S. representative/senator, historian; born in Boston, Mass. After obtaining his Ph.D. in political science from Harvard (1876), he joined the faculty and published several historical studies, including Alexander Hamilton (1882) and George Washington (1888). Active as a Republican in Massachusetts, including a term in the Massachusetts legislature, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1887–93) and then in the U.S. Senate (1893–1924). A champion of civil service reform and retaining the gold standard, he also helped secure the adoption of treaties allowing the construction of the Panama Canal. Although a conservative in many ways—he opposed women's suffrage and the direct election of senators—he was also a close associate of the progressive Republican Theodore Roosevelt. But he is remembered in history because, as chairman of the Senate Foreign relations Committee, he led the opposition to the acceptance of the peace treaty after World War I and specifically President Woodrow Wilson linking it to the U.S.A.'s entry into the League of Nations.