Low-Temperature Carbonization definition of Low-Temperature Carbonization in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

low-temperature carbonization [′lō ‚tem·prə·chər ‚kär·bə·nə′zā·shən]

(chemical engineering)

Low-temperature destructive distillation of coal to produce liquid products.

Low-Temperature Carbonization

the processing of solid fuels, such as coal, shale, or peat, by heating them in the absence of air in furnaces at temperatures up to 500°–550°C. During the process, the fuel is broken down into a solid residue called semicoke (50–70 percent yield), a primary gas (80–100 m³/ton), tar (8–25 percent yield), and a water condensate.

Industrial low-temperature carbonization was first employed in the early 19th century for the extraction of illuminating oils from solid fuels; such fuels were later supplanted by petroleum products. During World War I and World War II, a process was developed in Germany for the manufacture of artificial liquid fuel. In later years, improved methods were again used in complex systems for the extraction of tar, semicoke, and gas. The best tar is obtained from shale and boghead coal; the best semicoke is extracted from calcined coal. The yield and quality of products obtained are determined by the nature of the raw material, as well as by the method used and by furnace design.

Furnaces differ in the method by which heat is supplied; they may feature external heating through the walls of the furnace chamber or internal heating by direct contact between the raw material and the heating medium, be it a gas or solid. Furnaces are usually of the continuously operating type. The latest methods of low-temperature carbonization involve the use of a fluidized bed, rapid heating, and other techniques.

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No references found			Thermal low-temperature carbonization of dry shale in a continous process of mixing with hot heat carrier in the rotary drum reactor. Method for improving the quality of middle-heavy shale oil and for ... by Kaidalov, K.; Kaidalov, A.; Elenurm, A.; Kindorkin, B.; Vereshchaka, S. / Oil Shale			low-pressure boiler low-pressure fluid flow low-pressure laminate low-pressure mercury lamp low-pressure overlay low-pressure sodium lamp low-pressure steam curing low-pressure torch low-pressure well low-profile motherboard low-Q filter low-rank graywacke low-rank metamorphism low-reactance grounding low-reflection film low-residual-phosphorus copper low-rise building low-shaft furnace low-side window low-silicon bronze low-speed wind tunnel low-studded low-surface-brightness galaxy low-technology robot Low-temperature acoustics Low-Temperature Carbonization low-temperature coke low-temperature fusion low-temperature hygrometry Low-Temperature Insulation low-temperature physics low-temperature production low-temperature recovery Low-Temperature Separation low-temperature thermometry low-temperature-water heating system Low-Tensile Textured Yarns low-tide terrace low-tier system low-velocity drop low-velocity HVAC system low-velocity layer low-velocity star low-volatile coal Low-Voltage Arc low-voltage lighting control low-voltage relay low-voltage winding low-water alarm low-water cutoff low-water fuel cutoff			Low-Speed Serial Bus Low-Speed Target Low-Speed Time Division Multiplex Low-speed vehicle low-speed wind tunnel Low-Speed-Circuit Emulation Service low-spirited low-spirited low-spiritedly low-spiritedness low-spiritedness Low-Stop Filter Low-stretch bandage Low-studded Low-studded low-sudsing Low-Sulphur Diesel Fuel Low-Sulphur Diesel-Production low-surface-brightness galaxy low-tech low-tech low-technology low-technology low-technology Low-Technology Nuclear Explosive low-technology robot Low-temperature Low-temperature Low-temperature acoustics Low-Temperature Antigen Retrieval Low-Temperature Carbonization Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic low-temperature coke Low-Temperature Contact Binary Low-Temperature Controller Low-Temperature Flow Test low-temperature fusion low-temperature fusion Low-Temperature Heat Pump Low-Temperature Heavy-Water Reactor low-temperature hygrometry Low-Temperature Insulation Low-Temperature Magnetic Circular Dichroism Low-Temperature Magnetic Force Microscope Low-Temperature Molecular Beam Epitaxy Low-Temperature Nitrogen Adsorption Low-Temperature Operating Mode Low-Temperature Oxidation Catalyst Low-Temperature Phenomena Low-Temperature Phenomena Low-temperature physics Low-temperature physics low-temperature production low-temperature recovery Low-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation Low-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope low-temperature separation Low-Temperature Steam and Formaldehyde

Low-Temperature Carbonization

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