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Macumba |
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MacumbaAfro-Brazilian religion characterized by the syncretism of traditional African religions, Brazilian spiritualism, and Roman Catholicism. Of the several Macumba sects in Brazil, the most important are Candomblé and Umbanda. African elements include an outdoor ceremonial site, the sacrifice of animals (e.g., cocks), spirit offerings (e.g., candles and flowers), and dances. Macumba rites are led by mediums, who fall prostrate in trances and communicate with holy spirits. Roman Catholic elements include the cross and the worship of saints, who are given African names. |
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The first of these was the relationship to the real, from the seemingly most direct capture of the simplest everyday reality in Martin Kippenberger's "Psychobuildings," 1988, and Anne Daems's photographs to the most flagrantly staged works, such as Christoph Draeger's Le Radeau de la Macumba (The Raft of the Macumba), 2004. Not to mention that the film was written by Pai Alex, a real-life Macumba priest now serving time. Syncretized elements that have been taken from this system and combined with other West African traditions, Native American beliefs and Euro-centric Christian beliefs and liturgies can be found among persons of African descent throughout the Americas in the following religions: Santeria (Puerto Rico, Cuba, New York and Miami); Candomble, Umbanda, and Macumba (Brazil); Vodun (Haiti); and Lucumi (Cuba). |
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