Horace Mann
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| Horace Mann | |
|---|---|
| Birthday | |
| Birthplace | Franklin, Massachusetts |
| Died | |
| Occupation | College president, educator, politician |
| Education | Litchfield Law School |
Mann, Horace
(măn), 1796–1859, American educator, b. Franklin, Mass. He received a sparse preliminary schooling, but succeeded in entering Brown in the sophomore class and graduated with honors in 1819. He studied law, was admitted (1823) to the Massachusetts bar, and practiced in Dedham, Mass., and in Boston. He entered the state legislature in 1827, became speaker of the senate (1835), and was made secretary of the newly created (1837) state board of education at a time when the public school system was in very bad condition. Within his 12-year period of service, public interest was aroused, a movement for better teaching and better-paid teachers was instigated, school problems and statistics were brought to light and discussed, training schools for teachers were established, and schoolhouses and equipment were immeasurably improved. In 1843, Mann studied educational conditions abroad, and in 1848 he was elected to Congress as an antislavery Whig. He ran unsuccessfully for governor of Massachusetts in 1852. In 1853 he became the first president of Antioch College, where he also taught philosophy and theology. He died there, having achieved considerable success in demonstrating the practicality of coeducation and in raising the academic standards of the college. His second wife was Mary T. Peabody, sister of Elizabeth PeabodyPeabody, Elizabeth Palmer, 1804–94, American educator, lecturer, and reformer, b. Billerica, Mass. The Peabody family moved (c.1809) to Salem, where the father began practicing dentistry.
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Bibliography
See M. T. P. Mann et al., ed., The Life and Works of Horace Mann (5 vol., 1891); biographies by J. Messerli (1972) and R. B. Downs (1974); B. A. Hinsdale, Horace Mann and the Common School Revival in the United States (1937); Selective and Critical Bibliography of Horace Mann (comp. by the Federal Writers' Project of Massachusetts, 1937).
Mann, Horace
Born May 4, 1796, in Franklin, Mass.; died Aug. 2, 1859, in Yellow Springs, Ohio. American educator and public figure.
Mann engaged in the practice of law from 1823 to 1837. From 1837 to 1878 he headed the Massachusetts State Board of Education, which had been created on his initiative. From 1848 to 1853 he was a congressman from Massachusetts. He defended man’s right to liberty and the all-around development of his talents regardless of race, nationality, religious affiliation, or property qualifications. In 1838 he organized the Common-School Journal, which was published in Boston until 1852. Mann’s 12 annual reports on the state of public education in Massachusetts are very well known. Each was devoted to a group of specific educational problems. The seventh contains descriptions of European schools. Mann did much for the improvement of teacher training in what were called the normal schools.
REFERENCES
Piskunov, A. I. “Deiatel’nost’ i pedagogicheskie vzgliady Gorasa Manna.” Sovetskaia pedagogika, 1955, no. 8.Morgan, J. E. Horace Mann, His Ideas and Ideals. Washington, D. C, 1936.
McCluskey, N. G. Public Schools and Moral Education: The Influence of Horace Mann, William Torrey Harris and John Dewey. New York, 1958.
The Republic and the School: Horace Mann on the Education of Free Men, 5th printing. Edited by Lawrence A. Cremin. New York, 1960.