Marathas or Mahrattas (both: mərăt`əz, mərä`təz), Marathi-speaking people of W central India, known for their ability as warriors and their devotion to Hinduism. From their homeland in Maharashtra Maharashtra (məhä`rəshtrə), state (2001 provisional pop.
..... Click the link for more information. their chieftains rose to power in the 17th cent. The Marathas helped bring about the fall of the Mughal Mughal (m
..... Click the link for more information. empire and were the most determined rivals to British supremacy in India. Under the leadership of Śivaji Śivaji or Shivaji (shĭvä`jē), 1627–80, Indian ruler, leader of the Marathas .
..... Click the link for more information. , power was extended throughout the Deccan and much of S India. By the mid-18th cent. the Marathas, with their capital at Pune Pune or Poona (both: p
`nə), city (1991 pop.
..... Click the link for more information. , were the leading power in India, but their domain soon split into several territories. In the early 18th cent. power passed to a succession of Brahmans who had been serving as peshwas (prime ministers) to the weaker descendants of Śivaji. Great Britain waged several wars with the Marathas, finally subduing them in 1818. The major states of the Maratha confederation included Baroda Vadodara (1991 pop. 1,126,824), formerly Baroda, a district administrative center on the Vishvamitri River, has cotton-textile, chemical, machinery, furniture, and consumer-goods industries. The city is a rail and road hub, and has an airfield.
..... Click the link for more information. , Gwalior Gwalior (1991 pop. 717,780) was the capital of Gwalior state. It lies at the foot of Gwalior fort, a stronghold on the Rock of Gwalior, a plateau 2 mi (3.2 km) long and 300 ft (91 m) high. Within the battlemented walls of the fort are elaborately carved palaces and temples.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Indore Indore, city (1991 pop. 1,109,065), on the Malwa plateau near the Vindhya escarpment, became important in the late 18th cent. It was the capital of the maharajas of Indore and is the site of their imposing palace. Indore is a commercial and industrial center.
..... Click the link for more information. . During the nationalist period, Marathas played a leading part.
..... Click the link for more information. their chieftains rose to power in the 17th cent. The Marathas helped bring about the fall of the Mughal Mughal (m
..... Click the link for more information. empire and were the most determined rivals to British supremacy in India. Under the leadership of Śivaji Śivaji or Shivaji (shĭvä`jē), 1627–80, Indian ruler, leader of the Marathas .
..... Click the link for more information. , power was extended throughout the Deccan and much of S India. By the mid-18th cent. the Marathas, with their capital at Pune Pune or Poona (both: p
`nə), city (1991 pop...... Click the link for more information. , were the leading power in India, but their domain soon split into several territories. In the early 18th cent. power passed to a succession of Brahmans who had been serving as peshwas (prime ministers) to the weaker descendants of Śivaji. Great Britain waged several wars with the Marathas, finally subduing them in 1818. The major states of the Maratha confederation included Baroda Vadodara (1991 pop. 1,126,824), formerly Baroda, a district administrative center on the Vishvamitri River, has cotton-textile, chemical, machinery, furniture, and consumer-goods industries. The city is a rail and road hub, and has an airfield.
..... Click the link for more information. , Gwalior Gwalior (1991 pop. 717,780) was the capital of Gwalior state. It lies at the foot of Gwalior fort, a stronghold on the Rock of Gwalior, a plateau 2 mi (3.2 km) long and 300 ft (91 m) high. Within the battlemented walls of the fort are elaborately carved palaces and temples.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Indore Indore, city (1991 pop. 1,109,065), on the Malwa plateau near the Vindhya escarpment, became important in the late 18th cent. It was the capital of the maharajas of Indore and is the site of their imposing palace. Indore is a commercial and industrial center.
..... Click the link for more information. . During the nationalist period, Marathas played a leading part.
Bibliography
See J. G. Duff, History of the Mahrattas (rev. ed. 1921, repr. 1971); Rao Bahadur G. S. Sardesai, New History of the Marathas (3 vol., 1957, repr. 1986); M. G. Ranade, Rise of the Maratha Power (1962); R. Kumar, Western India in the Nineteenth Century (1968).
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