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Marie Louise

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Marie Louise, 1791–1847, empress of the French (1810–15) as consort of Napoleon I Napoleon I (nəpō`lēən, Fr. näpôlāōN`), 1769–1821, emperor of the French, b.
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 and duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla (1816–47), daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (later Emperor of Austria as Francis I.) She was married (1810) to Napoleon I and was the mother of Napoleon II Napoleon II, 1811–32, son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise , known as the king of Rome (1811–14), as the prince of Parma (1814–18), and after that as the duke of Reichstadt.
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. When Napoleon I was defeated (1814), she fled to Vienna. Her duchies were awarded to her at the Congress of Vienna; she ruled them ineptly from Parma, with the assistance of her lover, Count Adam Adalbert von Neipperg, whom she married morganatically in 1821. After his death (1829) she married the comte de Bombelles.

Bibliography

See biographies by J. A. Mahan (1931) and P. Turnbull (1971).


Marie Louise
1791--1847, empress of France (1811--15) as the second wife of Napoleon I; daughter of Francis I of Austria. On Napoleon's abdication (1815) she became Duchess of Parma


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It is said that after his marriage to Marie Louise of Austria, the grand-niece of Marie Antoinette, Napoleon sometimes referred to Louis as "my uncle.
According to Marie Louise Bastin, such headdresses were inspired by the large loops curving up to the top of the headpiece of the Chokwe cikungu mask (Bastin 1998b:18).
New York, 1962); Elizabeth Oakes Smith, The Newsboy (New York, 1854); Marie Louise Hankins, Reality; or, A History of Human Life (New York, 1858), 66.
 
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