Mary Tudor

Mary Tudor: see Mary I, Queen of England; Mary of England.

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Mary I

 or Mary Tudor

(born Feb. 18, 1516, Greenwich, near London, Eng.—died Nov. 17, 1558, London) Queen of England (1553–58). The daughter of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, she was declared illegitimate after Henry's divorce and new marriage to Anne Boleyn (1533). In 1544 Mary was restored to court and granted succession to the throne. After becoming queen (1553), she married Philip II of Spain, restored Roman Catholicism, and revived the laws against heresy. The resulting persecution of Protestant rebels and the execution of some 300 heretics earned her the hatred of her subjects and the nickname “Bloody Mary.” She waged an unsuccessful war against France that in 1558 resulted in the loss of Calais, England's last foothold on the Continent.

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Mary Tudor 

Mary I. Born Feb. 18, 1516, in Greenwich; died Nov. 17, 1558, in London. English queen from 1553 to 1558; daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

Mary Tudor’s ascension to the throne was accompanied by the restoration of Catholicism (1554) and Catholic reaction, together with harsh repressive measures against supporters of the Reformation (hence her sobriquet, Bloody Mary). In 1554 she married the heir to the Spanish throne, Philip (who became King Philip II of Spain in 1556), which led to closer ties with Catholic Spain. During a war against France (1557-59), which Mary Tudor began in alliance with Spain, England in early 1558 lost Calais, the last English port on the Continent. Mary Tudor’s policies, which conflicted with the national interests of England, provoked sharp discontent among the new gentry and the emerging bourgeoisie.