Mauretania (redirected from Mauretanians)

Mauretania (môr'ətā`nēə), ancient district of Africa in Roman times. In a vague sense it meant only "the land of the Moors" and lay W of Numidia, but more specifically it usually included most of present-day N Morocco and W Algeria. The district was not the same as modern Mauritania. It was a complex of native tribal units, but by the 2d cent. B.C. when Jugurtha of Numidia was rebelling against Rome, Jugurtha's father-in-law, Bocchus, had most of Mauretania under his control. The Roman influence became paramount, and Augustus, having met opposition in restoring Juba II (see under Juba I) to the throne of Numidia, placed him instead (25 B.C.) as ruler of Mauretania. Revolts later occurred, and Mauretania was subdued (A.D. 41–A.D. 42); Emperor Claudius I made it into two provinces—Mauretania Caesariensis, with Caesarea (modern Cherchel) as capital, and Mauretania Tingitana, with Tingis (modern Tangier) as capital. Roman influence was never complete, and native chieftains remained powerful. With the onset of the barbarian invasions, Roman control weakened, and by the end of the 5th cent. A.D. it had disappeared.

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Mauretania

Ancient region of North Africa, corresponding to present-day northern Morocco and western and central Algeria. It was settled by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians from the 6th century BC. Its earlier inhabitants were known to the Romans as the Mauri and the Massaeyli. It was annexed to Rome c. AD 42 and divided into two provinces. Mauretania became virtually independent in the 5th century but was overrun by the Vandals and then by the Arabs in the 7th century.