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brainwashing |
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brainwashingSystematic effort to destroy an individual's former loyalties and beliefs and to substitute loyalty to a new ideology or power. It has been used by religious cults as well as by radical political groups. The techniques of brainwashing usually involve isolation from former associates and sources of information; an exacting regimen calling for absolute obedience and humility; strong social pressures and rewards for cooperation; physical and psychological punishments for noncooperation, including social ostracism and criticism, deprivation of food, sleep, and social contacts, bondage, and torture; and constant reinforcement. Its effects are sometimes reversed through deprogramming, which combines confrontation and intensive psychotherapy. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Recognition tests require the perception, retention, and transformation of visual forms within a two-dimensional plane, whereas manipulation tests require the mental manipulation of visual shapes across a plane. This is the forerunner of the mental manipulation of actual numbers. Each person successfully completed all or most of a 1-1/2-hour battery of tests that emphasized verbal, spatial, and memory skills and tasks calling for speedy mental manipulations. |
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