Mfecane

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Mfecane

(“The Crushing”) Series of Zulu and other Nguni wars and forced migrations in the early 19th century that changed the demographic, social, and political configuration of southern and central Africa. Set in motion by the rise of the Zulu military kingdom under Shaka, it took place in the context of drought, social unrest, and competition for trade. Ethnic group was set against ethnic group in an ever-increasing radius, resulting in the creation of large refugee populations as well as the establishment of new kingdoms under the Basuto, Gaza, Ndebele, and Swazi peoples.

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No references found			This period of change became known as the Mfecane, which is said to derive originally from a Zulu word meaning 'crushing'" (The Story of Africa). Culture and social environment in the pre-colonial era by Mzamane, Mbulelo Vizikhungo / Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 3) The mfecane would dramatically transform the demographic, political, and social terrains of southern and eastern Africa and have repercussions that still linger nearly two hundred years later. The essential Africa reader by Emerson, Stephen A. / Naval War College Review They had power because they suffered with the king during the turbulent years of the Mfecane and they had fought for him in various battles of the migratory phase. Who ruled by the spear? Rethinking the form of governance in the ... by Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. / African Studies Quarterly			Mézières Mezin Site Mezinovskii Meziridae Mezofold Mezoföld Mezotne Site Mezozoa Mezrina, Anna Mezrina, Anna Afanasevna mezuza MEZZ Mezzanine mezzanine card mezzo-relievo Mezzo-Soprano Mezzogiorno mezzograph Mezzotint Mf MF-COBOL MFC mFCP MFD MFE Mfecane MFG Mflop MFLOPS MFM MFSK MFT MFTL Mfumbiro mg mg h Mga Mgachi mGal MGCP MGCP/MEGACO Mger Abegian Mger Manukovich Abegian Mglin MGM MGP Mgvimevi mH MHC MHD MHD generator			MFDF MFDFS MFDG MFDH MFDHS MFDHV MFDI MFDID MFDL MFDLOD MFDM MFDN MFDP MFDQ MFDR MFDRC MFDS MFDSC MFDU MFDV MFE MFE MFEA MFEAT MFEC Mfecane Mfecane/lifaqane MFED MFEDA MFEE MFEG MFEIT MFEL MFEM MFENET MFEO MFEOG MFEP mfERG MFERIT MFERT MFES MFESB MFESP MFESTS MFEW MFEZ MFF MFFA

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