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Murad IV

   Also found in: Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.12 sec.
Murad IV, 1612?–1640, Ottoman sultan (1623–40), nephew and successor of Mustafa I. He recovered (1638) Baghdad, which Shah Abbas I of Persia had seized. On his victory he sent an order to murder his brother Beyazid. Murad possessed prodigious strength and ruled with ruthless severity. The Greek patriarch Cyril Lucaris Lucaris, Cyril (lykā`rĭs), 1572–1637, Greek churchman, b.
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 was another of his victims. Murad was succeeded by his brother Ibrahim (reigned 1640–48) and Ibrahim's son Muhammad IV.


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A century later, the Turkish sultan Murad IV became alarmed that coffeehouses were centers of political criticism, so he enacted the 1633 version of campaign finance reform: Coffee was banned, cafes destroyed, and drinkers beaten or beheaded.
The anti-tobacco movement, ever the loser against a wily, deep-pocketed industry, seemed on the verge of winning its most thorough victory since 1633, when Sultan Murad IV ordered tobacco users executed as infidels.
Some cultures reacted harshly to the plant and its users: Murad IV, the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, is believed to have had 25,000 smokers killed during his reign, and Japan banned smoking five times before giving up.
 
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