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kalam |
Also found in: Wikipedia, Hutchinson | 0.03 sec. |
kalamIslamic speculative theology. It arose during the Umayyad dynasty over varying interpretations of the Qur'an and over questions the Qur'an provoked, including those on predestination, free will, and the nature of God. The most prominent early school was the 8th-century Mu'tazilah, which asserted the supremacy of reason, championed free will, and rejected an anthropomorphic characterization of God. The 10th-century school of Ash'ariyyah moved kalam back toward traditional faith, accepting, for example, the eternal, uncreated nature of the Qur'an and its literal truth. The school also represented the successful adaptation of Hellenistic philosophical reasoning to Muslim orthodox theology. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Traditional Muslim theology insists that the Qur'an in Arabic is the literal Word of God and as such is inerrant and infallible. The uniqueness and oneness of the divine is unquestionably the linchpin of Muslim theology. And, as past issues of this journal have shown, the end of the twentieth century marked similar movements within Christian and Muslim theology. |
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