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kalam
(redirected from Mutakallimun)

   Also found in: Wikipedia 0.01 sec.

kalam

Islamic speculative theology. It arose during the Umayyad dynasty over varying interpretations of the Qur'an and over questions the Qur'an provoked, including those on predestination, free will, and the nature of God. The most prominent early school was the 8th-century Mu'tazilah, which asserted the supremacy of reason, championed free will, and rejected an anthropomorphic characterization of God. The 10th-century school of Ash'ariyyah moved kalam back toward traditional faith, accepting, for example, the eternal, uncreated nature of the Qur'an and its literal truth. The school also represented the successful adaptation of Hellenistic philosophical reasoning to Muslim orthodox theology.



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As for the mutakallimun, they view repose as something positive, as the obtainment of something in a place for more than one instance of time.
Many of those charged with zandaqa were Mutakallimun - theologians, such as Ibn Talout, Abu Shakir, his nephew Ibn al-A'da al-Kharizi, Nu'man ibn Abi al-Awja', and Salih ibn Abd al-Quddus.
Again, these positive achievements were brought about in the wake of systemic engagement with both the 'hard' and 'soft' aspects of the Greek sciences, so much so that many, if not most, of the post-Ghazalian mutakallimun, even arguably right up to the mid-nineteenth century, were also practicing, accomplished scientists (tabi'iyyin) and philosophers (hukama') in their own right.
 
 
 
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