Nîmes (nēm), city (1990 pop. 133,607), capital of Gard dept., S France, in Cévennes. An important market town and rail hub, its products include machinery, textiles and clothing, and tinware. An old Gallic town, it became Roman c.120 B.C. As Nemausus it was an important city, one of the finest of Narbonensis province (see Gaul Gaul (gôl), Lat. Gallia, ancient designation for the land S and W of the Rhine, W of the Alps, and N of the Pyrenees.
..... Click the link for more information. ). United to the French crown in 1258, it later became a stronghold of the Huguenots but suffered greatly from the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). Nîmes is famous for its remarkable collection of Roman relics. The magnificent Roman arena (1st cent. A.D.), seating up to 24,000, is still in use. The well-preserved Maison Carée [square house], a Roman temple (1st or 2d cent. A.D.), one of the finest extant examples of Roman architecture, houses a museum of Roman antiquities. Other Roman relics are the temple of Diana (2d cent. A.D.), a watchtower, and the nearby Pont du Gard Pont du Gard (pôN dü gär), Roman aqueduct across the Gard River, Gard dept., S France. Built in 19 B.C.
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Nîmes

ancient Nemausus

The Tour Magne, a ruined Roman tower in Nîmes, France.

(credit: Art Resource—EB Inc.)

City (pop., 1999: 133,424), southern France. It was the capital of a Gaulish tribe that submitted to Rome in 121 BC. Augustus founded a new city there, and for five centuries it was one of the principal cities of Roman Gaul. It was plundered by the Vandals and Visigoths in the 5th century AD and occupied by Moors in the 8th century. It passed to the French crown in 1229. Damaged in 1815 during fighting between royalists and Bonapartists, it returned to prosperity with the coming of the railways in the late 19th century. It is noted for its Roman remains, including an amphitheatre, an aqueduct, and the Maison Carée (an ancient temple restored in 1789).