Neilson, James Beaumont

Neilson, James Beaumont

(born June 22, 1792, Shettleston, Lanark, Scot.—died Jan. 18, 1865, Queenshill, Kirkcudbright) Scottish inventor. Working at the Glasgow Gasworks (1817–47), he introduced the use of a hot-air blast for the smelting of iron ore. It had been believed that a blast of cold air was the most efficient smelting method (see William Fairbairn); Neilson demonstrated that the opposite was true, patenting his idea in 1828. Use of the hot blast tripled iron output per ton of coal, permitted iron to be recovered from lower-grade ores, and made possible the efficient use of raw coal and lower grades of coal instead of coke and the construction of larger smelting furnaces.

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Neilson, James Beaumont 

Born June 22, 1792, in Shettleston, near Glasgow; died Jan. 18, 1865, in Queen’s Hill, County Kirkcudbright. English inventor. Son of a factory foreman.

Because of his family’s poverty, Neilson could not pursue an engineering education. In 1825 he began experiments on drawing hot air into a blast furnace. In 1828 he received a patent, and in 1829 he set up the hot-blast process in the Clyde Ironworks in Scotland. The air was heated to approximately 150°C in V-shaped cast-iron pipes passing through the firebox.

REFERENCES

Smiles, S. Biografii promyshlennykh deiatelei: Zhelezopromyshlenniki i fabrikanty zheleznykh izdelii. St. Petersburg, 1903. (Translated from English.)
Mezenin, N. A. Povest’ o masierakh zheleznogo dela. Moscow, 1973.