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Nerchinsk

   Also found in: Wikipedia 0.06 sec.
Nerchinsk (nyĕr`chĭnsk), city, SE Siberian Russia. Founded in 1654, the city was a Russian outpost in E Asia from the 17th to the 19th cent. A Russo-Chinese border treaty signed at Nerchinsk in 1689 was the first treaty concluded between China and a European power; it granted the Transbaikalia area to Russia and left the Amur valley to China. The treaty also permitted Russian trading caravans to go to Beijing; Nerchinsk became an important customs and trade center on the caravan route.


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The final essay, by Peter Perdue, examines some questions of history writing on China, and briefly looks at the Nerchinsk negotiations in the late seventeenth century, where the first "equal" treaty between China and the West was signed.
The two treaties, which Mao Zedong later called the "unequal treaties", added nearly 650,000 square kilometers to the Russian empire--territory that, as early as the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770-256 BCE), had been under Chinese suzerainty and recognized by Russia as Chinese territory in the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk.
So Murav'ev's emissary, Captain Gennadii Ivanovich Nevel'skoi, having explored the Straits of Tartary and coastline of Sakhalin, proposed that the island had never been part of the Chinese empire, but was rather a natural extension of the coastal regions granted to Russia by the highly ambiguous terms of the seventeenth-century Treaty of Nerchinsk.
 
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