Newcastle

Newcastle, city, Australia

Newcastle, city (1991 pop. 262,331), New South Wales, SE Australia, on the Pacific Ocean. It is the center of one of the country's largest coal-mining areas and is a large port. Coal, wool, iron and steel, and wheat are exported. The city has steel mills and shipyards; chemicals, glass, fertilizer, and textiles are also produced. The first permanent settlement on the site was made in 1804. The Univ. of Newcastle is in the city.

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Newcastle, town, Canada

Newcastle, town (1991 pop. 5,711), E central N.B., Canada, on the Miramichi River. Located in a lumbering region, it has sawmills and a large pulp mill. Newcastle was the birthplace of the Canadian leader Peter Mitchell and was the boyhood home of Lord Beaverbrook.

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Newcastle upon Tyne

 or Newcastle

City and metropolitan borough (pop., 2001: 259,573), metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Northumberland, northeastern England, on the River Tyne. It dates from the Roman period and derives its name from the Norman castle built in 1080 by Robert II of Normandy, the oldest son of William I (the Conqueror). At first an important wool trade centre, it became a major mining area and coal-shipping port in the 16th century. It was among the world's largest ship-repairing facilities; its economy now rests on associated marine and heavy engineering industries. The city is also an educational centre and features a 14th-century church.

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Newcastle¹

Duke of, the title of Thomas Pelham Holles. 1693--1768, English Whig prime minister (1754--56; 1757--62): brother of Henry Pelham

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Newcastle²

a port in SE Australia, in E New South Wales near the mouth of the Hunter River: important industrial centre, with extensive steel, metalworking, engineering, shipbuilding, and chemical industries. It suffered Australia's first fatal earthquake in 1989. Pop.: 279 975 (2001)