Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri

Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri (shärl zhül äNrē` nēkôl`), 1866–1936, French physician and microbiologist. He worked with P. P. É. Roux in Paris and was director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis from 1903 and professor at the Collège de France, Paris, from 1932. He worked on various diseases, including whooping cough, measles, trachoma, and influenza, and demonstrated (1909) the transmission of typhus by the body louse. For his work on typhus he received the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

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Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri 

Born Sept. 21, 1866, in Rouen; died Feb. 28, 1936, in Tunis. French microbiologist.

Nicolle graduated from the University of Rouen in 1893 and was named professor at the Collège de France in 1932. From 1903 until the end of his life he was director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis. His principal works were devoted to the study of the causative agents of a number of infectious diseases, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, kala-azar, toxoplasmosis, trachoma, scarlet fever, influenza, and brucellosis. Nicolle also developed methods of preparing certain vaccines and serums. In 1909 he proved experimentally that the carrier of the causative agent of typhus is the body louse. He won a Nobel Prize in 1928 for his work on typhus.