Olympia (redirected from Olympia (disambiguation))

Olympia, city, ancient Greece

Olympia, ancient city, important center of the worship of Zeus in ancient Greece, in Elis near the Alpheus (now Alfiós) R. It was the scene of the Olympic games. The great temple of Zeus was especially celebrated for its gold and ivory statue of Zeus by Phidias—one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Excavation, which revealed the great temple, also uncovered the sculpture of Hermes by Praxiteles, several other temples within the sacred enclosure (called the Altis), and the stadium.

---

Olympia, city, United States

Olympia, city (1990 pop. 33,840), state capital, and seat of Thurston co., W Wash., at the southern tip of Puget Sound, on Budd Inlet; inc. 1859. A port of entry, it ships lumber products and agricultural produce. Oyster fisheries and canning plants are there, and there is printing and publishing. Manufactures include explosives; consumer goods; sports equipment; plastic, metal, and paper products; veneer; furniture; cheese; steel; aircraft engines; and porcelain enamel. Settled in 1846, it was made capital of the newly created Washington Territory in 1853. Of interest are a state historical museum, the state library, the old capitol building (1893), and the newer, imposing group of white sandstone capitol buildings. A local attraction is the annual salmon run from Budd Inlet into Capitol Lake. St. Martin's College and Evergreen State College are in Olympia, and a Native American reservation and state parks are nearby. The Olympic Mts. can be seen to the north, and Mt. Rainier to the northeast. In 2001 an earthquake centered some 12 mi (19 km) north of the city cracked the capitol dome and caused other property damage.

---

Olympia

Ancient sanctuary and site of the Olympic Games, northwestern Peloponnese, southern Greece. Located 10 mi (16 km) inland from the Ionian Sea, it was on the northern bank of the Alpheus River. A centre of Greek religious worship, it held the primarily athletic contests in honour of Zeus every four years, beginning in 776 BC. In the temple of Zeus, built c. 460 BC, was the statue of Zeus by Phidias, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Excavations have uncovered many ruins, including temples and the stadium.

---

Olympia

City (pop., 2000: 42,514), capital of Washington state, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Puget Sound, southwest of Tacoma. Originally called Smithfield, it was renamed for the nearby Olympic Mountains and incorporated as a city in 1859. It developed port facilities and a lumber-based economy, supplemented by oyster farming and other industries. Its harbour is the site of a large merchant reserve fleet. Located at the base of the Olympic Peninsula, it is the gateway to Olympic National Park.

---

Olympia

1. a plain in Greece, in the NW Peloponnese: in ancient times a major sanctuary of Zeus and site of the original Olympic Games

2. a port in W Washington, the state capital, on Puget Sound. Pop.: 43 963 (2003 est.)

---

Olympia 

an ancient Greek city in Elis (northwestern Peloponnesus); a religious center, principally for the worship of Zeus, and the site of the Olympic Games, which were dedicated to him; the most important artistic center of ancient Greece.

The architecture of Olympia developed, for the most part, between the seventh and fourth centuries B.C. The city went into decline with the triumph of Christianity, and in A.D. 426 the Roman emperor Theodosius II ordered it destroyed by fire. The few surviving structures and statues were destroyed in 521 and 522 by earthquakes.

French archaeologists conducted the first excavations of Olympia in 1829. The first systematic excavations of the site were undertaken in 1875 by the German archaeologist E. Curtius. More than 130 statues, about 13,000 bronze objects, and as many as 10,000 inscriptions on bronze tablets have been discovered.

In the sacred grove of Olympian Zeus lie remains of the Pelo-pion (from the late second millennium B.C.), the Temple of Hera (late seventh or early sixth century B.C.), the Temple of Zeus (468–456 B.C.;architect, Libon), the Metroon (Temple of the Mother of the Gods; first half of the fourth century B.C.), the Temple of Zeus Sosipolis, the Temple of Ilythya (after 363 B.C.), 12 treasuries (including the Treasury of Gela, early sixth to the early fifth centuries B.C.), and the circular Philippeum (338–334 B.C.). Outside the sacred precinct are the ruins of the Bouleuter-ion (sixth and fifth centuries B.C.), the classical-period stadium, the Leonidaeum (fourth century B.C.; architect, Leonidas), the Hellenistic Palaestra, and the Gymnasium.

There is a museum in Olympia, which houses such masterpieces as Praxiteles’ Hermes With the Infant Dionysus (marble, c. 340 B.C., from the Temple of Hera), early classical sculpture from the pediment of the Temple of Zeus, and Paeonius’ Nike (found near the Temple of Zeus).

REFERENCES

Olimpiia, po V. Lalu i P. Monso, izlozhil K. Mazurin. Moscow, 1892.
Schöbel, H. Olimpiia i ee igry. Leipzig, 1971. (Translated from German.)
Vseobshchaia istoriia arkhitektury, vol. 2. Moscow, 1973.
Dörpfeld, W. Alt-Olympia, vols. 1–2. Berlin, 1935.
Kunze, E., and H. Schleif. Berichte über die Ausgrabungen in Olympia, vols. 1–8. Berlin, 1937–67.
Kunze, E., and H. Schleif. Olympische Forschungen, vols. 1–5. Berlin, 1944–64.