Oran (redirected from Orans)

Oran (ôräN`), city (1998 pop. 692,516), capital of Oran prov., NW Algeria, a port on the Gulf of Oran of the Mediterranean Sea. One of the country's leading ports, it ships wheat, wine, alcohol, vegetables, meat, wool, cigarettes, and iron ore. The city, surrounded by vineyards and market gardens, is a commercial, industrial, and financial center. Oran is divided into a modern, French-style section and an old Spanish-type quarter with a casbah (fortress). Its frequently visited 18th-century mosque was bombed in 1995 by Islamist militants who objected to the adoration of saints, a practice forbidden by Islam.

The site of modern Oran has been inhabited since prehistoric times, but the city's founding is generally attributed to Moorish Andalusian traders in the 10th cent. Oran's subsequent prosperity, based on commerce, was interrupted when the Moors began to engage in piracy, thus provoking reprisals from Spain. Spanish forces captured and fortified the city in 1509 and held it until the Turks arrived in 1708. Spain recovered Oran in 1732. The city was successfully besieged (1791) by the district governor of Mascara and was made a provincial capital of the Ottoman Empire.

French troops captured Oran in 1831 and began to develop it as a naval base, along with nearby Mers-el-Kebir. The building of the port and the construction of railroads linking Oran with the interior made the city the economic capital of W Algeria in the late 19th cent. Oran, held by Vichy France during World War II, fell to the Allied forces in Nov., 1942. Civil strife ravaged the city in the late 1950s; the French terrorist OAS (Secret Army Organization) and the Algerian nationalist FLN (Front for National Liberation) perpetrated violence against civilians. There followed a general exodus of the European population, which had been the largest, proportionally, of any North African city. The city provided the setting for Albert Camus's novel The Plague.

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Oran

City (pop., 2004 est.: 772,900), northwestern Algeria. Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, it is about midway between Tangier, Morocco, and Algiers. With the adjacent Mers el-Kebir, it is the country's second largest port. Founded in the 10th century by Andalusians as a base for trade with the northern African hinterland, it was held by the Spanish from 1509 to 1708, when it fell to the Ottomans. It was devastated by an earthquake in 1790, and in 1792 the Ottomans settled a Jewish community there. In 1831 it was occupied by the French, who established a modern port and naval base. In World War II (1939–45) it came under the control of the Allied Powers. Most of its European inhabitants left after Algerian independence in 1962. It is divided into a waterfront and the old and new city sections built on terraces above it.

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Oran

a port in NW Algeria: the second largest city in the country; scene of the destruction by the British of most of the French fleet in the harbour in 1940 to prevent its capture by the Germans. Pop.: 744 000 (2005 est.)

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Oran 

a city in northwestern Algeria and capital of the Oran wilaya. Main industrial, commercial, and transportation center of Algeria’s northwest. Population, 440,000 (1970, including suburbs).

In 1971, Oran’s seaport handled 1,900,000 tons, including such goods for export as wine, early vegetables and fruits (mainly artichokes and oranges), and esparto grass. Oran is a major railroad and highway junction, and the La Senia Airport is nearby.

Oran has food-processing and metalworking plants and chemical enterprises, including a large superphosphate plant. It also has a steel-smelting and pipe-rolling mill. Industries include textiles and the production of glass, cement, and other construction materials. There is a thermoelectric power plant in the city. Local craftsmen make handmade leather footwear and woolen articles.

Oran has a university. The municipal museum displays archaeological, ethnographic, and zoological materials. The Tlemcen Museum has a collection of Islamic art. Oran was founded in the tenth century.