gas, in physics, one of the three commonly recognized states of matter, the other two being solid and liquid. A substance in the gaseous state has neither definite shape nor definite volume. Like liquids, gases are fluids and assume the shape of their containers. Unlike liquids, they will expand to fill any container, regardless of its size. All gases condense into liquids or solids when sufficiently cooled or compressed (see compression compression, external stress applied to an object or substance, tending to cause a decrease in volume (see pressure ). Gases can be compressed easily, solids and liquids to a very small degree if at all.
..... Click the link for more information. ; condensation condensation, in physics, change of a substance from the gaseous (vapor) to the liquid state (see states of matter ). Condensation is the reverse of vaporization , or change from liquid to gas.
..... Click the link for more information. ; liquefaction liquefaction, change of a substance from the solid or the gaseous state to the liquid state. Since the different states of matter correspond to different amounts of energy of the molecules making up the substance, energy in the form of heat must either be supplied to
..... Click the link for more information. ). Most gases first liquefy, but some pass directly into the solid state (see sublimation sublimation (sŭblĭmā`shən), change of a solid substance directly to a vapor without first passing through the liquid state.
..... Click the link for more information. ); carbon dioxide, for example, can condense into dry ice. Some gases are extremely soluble in certain liquids, the liquid absorbing many times its own volume of gas. Some solids, by a process called adsorption, can take up many times their own volume of certain gases. The behavior of gases under various conditions of pressure, temperature, and volume is described by the various gas laws gas laws, physical laws describing the behavior of a gas under various conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature. Experimental results indicate that all real gases behave in approximately the same manner, having their volume reduced by about the same proportion
..... Click the link for more information. . Many of the properties of gases can be understood by considering the fact that only a small part of the volume of a gas is occupied by its atoms or molecules, which are in rapid, random motion. See kinetic-molecular theory of gases kinetic-molecular theory of gases, physical theory that explains the behavior of gases on the basis of the following assumptions: (1) Any gas is composed of a very large number of very tiny particles called molecules; (2) The molecules are very far apart compared to
..... Click the link for more information. .

gas

One of the three fundamental states of matter, in which matter has no definite shape, is very fluid, and has a density about 0.1% that of liquids. Gas is very compressible but tends to expand indefinitely, and it fills any container. A small change in temperature or pressure produces a substantial change in its volume; these relationships are expressed as equations in the gas laws. The kinetic theory of gases, developed in the 19th century, describes gases as assemblages of tiny particles (atoms or molecules) in constant motion and contributed much to an understanding of their behaviour. The term gas can also mean gasoline, natural gas, or the anesthetic nitrous oxide. See also solid.

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