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Ornithophily

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Ornithophily 

the cross-pollination of flowers by birds (hummingbirds, sunbirds). Ornithophily characterizes mostly tropical plants.
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Table I Characters of ornithophily found in neotropical Vaccinieae that are seen as adaptations for hummingbird pollination Montane habitats; sun-loving terrestrial and epiphytic lifestyles Inflorescences with numerous flowers, usually horizontally oriented or pendent, facing outward, often opening for a long time Absence of a landing place Flowers often with protective (and colorful) bracts Flowers odorless Flowers often with presence of "parrot" colors; i.
Diversity, adaptation, and endemism in neotropical ericaceae: ... by Luteyn, James L. / The Botanical Review
Certainly, the association of hummingbirds with flowers is long-standing; in their study of the origin of plant-animal mutualisms in the woody flora of the temperate forest of southern South America, Aizen and Ezeurra (1998) con cluded that the evolution of ornithophily appears to have taken place well before the climatic cooling and biogeographical isolation of that region in the Tertiary.
A survey of floral traits, breeding systems, floral visitors, and ... by Bernardello, Gabriel; Anderson, Gregory J.; Stuessy, Tod F.; Crawford, Daniel J. / The Botanical Review
 
 
 
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