Ostia (redirected from Ostia (disambiguation))

Ostia (ŏs`tēə), ancient city of Italy, at the mouth of the Tiber. It was founded (4th cent. B.C.) as a protection for Rome, then developed (from the 1st cent. B.C.) as a Roman port, rivaling Puteoli. Augustus, Claudius I, Trajan, and Hadrian expanded the city and harbor. From the 3d cent. A.D. the city began to decline. The ruins, of great archaeological interest, rival those of Pompeii in showing the layout of an ancient Italian city. In the late 1980s it served as a refugee camp for processing Jewish émigrés from the Soviet Union.

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Ostia

Ancient Roman town. Originally at the mouth of the Tiber River, it would now be about 4 mi (6 km) upstream. The modern seaside resort of Ostia, Italy, is near the ancient city. It was probably founded in the 4th century BC and developed as a naval station, major port, and centre of the grain trade. It reached the height of its prosperity in the 2nd century AD, when it had a population of about 50,000. It suffered from the decline of the Roman economy in the 3rd century and from barbarian raids in the 5th century. Its Roman ruins were quarried for building materials in the Middle Ages and for sculptors' marble during the Renaissance. Excavations began in the 19th century, and about two-thirds of the Roman town can now be seen.

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Ostia

an ancient town in W central Italy, originally at the mouth of the Tiber but now about 6 km (4 miles) inland: served as the port of ancient Rome; harbours built by Claudius and Trajan; ruins excavated since 1854

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Ostia 

an ancient Roman colony, commercial harbor, and naval port, located at the mouth of the Tiber River.

Remains of the oldest fortifications date from the mid-fourth century B.C. The port was rebuilt at the beginning of the empire; intensive construction was conducted under Trajan. Surrounding the port were warehouses, trading establishments, and apartment blocks.

Excavations conducted since the end of the 18th century have unearthed temples (Capitolium and others), a theater, public baths, multistory dwellings, and other structures. Ostia was known for its saltworks. The port fell into decline after the capital was transferred from Rome to Constantinople (330 A.D.), but even during the Middle Ages it maintained its strategic naval importance.

REFERENCES

Scavi di Ostia, vols. 1–4. Rome, 1953–61.
Meiggs, R. Roman Ostia. Oxford, 1960.