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Oxford, Provisions of: see Provisions of Oxford Provisions of Oxford, 1258, a scheme of governmental reform forced upon Henry III of England by his barons. In 1258 a group of barons, angered by the king's Sicilian adventure and the expenditures it entailed, compelled Henry to accept the appointment of a committee
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Oxford, Provisions of

resolutions adopted by a council of English magnates (the “great council”) assembled in Oxford in June 1258. Under the Provisions of Oxford, the autocratic power of the king was sharply limited in favor of the great feudal lords. A baronial oligarchy was established in the country; power was transferred in effect to a council of 15 barons, who completely controlled the king and appointed and replaced high officials. A parliament, consisting of the 27 most powerful barons, was to assemble three times a year to discuss the most important affairs of state. Under pressure from the baronial opposition, King Henry III was obliged to sanction the Provisions of Oxford (October 1258), but in April 1261 he obtained the pope’s release from his oath to observe them. The French king, Louis IX (St. Louis), acting as an arbitrator, decided in favor of abrogating the provisions (January 1264). In the civil war between the king and the barons that began in 1263, the latter failed to get the provisions reestablished, because they were not supported by the knights and burghers, who played a decisive role in the struggle against the king. In the course of the war, the first English parliament was convened (1265).

PUBLICATIONS

Pamiatniki istorii Anglii XI-XIII vv. [Moscow, 1936.]

REFERENCES

Petrushevskii, D. M. Ocherki iz istorii angliiskogo gosudarstva i obshchestva v srednie veka, 4th ed. Moscow, 1937.
Gutnova, E. V. Vozniknovenie angliiskogo parlamenta. [Moscow] 1960. Chapter 5.

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