Pamplona

Pamplona (pämplō`nä), city (1990 pop. 183,525), capital of Navarre, N Spain, on the Arga River. An older spelling is Pampeluna. It is an important communications, agricultural, and industrial center, manufacturing crafts, paper, and chemicals. The Univ. of Navarre (1952) is there.

An ancient city of the Basques, it was repeatedly captured (5th–9th cent.) by the Visigoths, the Franks, and the Moors, but none of the conquerors—not even Charlemagne, who took it in 778 and razed its walls—exercised control for long. In 824 the Basque kingdom of Pamplona, later called the kingdom of Navarre, was founded. Pamplona remained the capital of Navarre until 1512, when Ferdinand V united the major part of Navarre with Castile. In the Peninsular War

Origin and Occupation

..... , Pamplona was taken (1808) by the French and (1813) by the English.

The city is still surrounded by old walls and fortifications and has retained its Gothic cathedral (14th–15th cent.). The celebration of the feast of San Fermin, described in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, is marked by running bulls to the bullring. Many residents and visitors run with the bulls through the streets, risking injury and even death.

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Pamplona

 Basque Iruña ancient Pompaelo

City (pop., 2001: 183,964), capital of Navarra, northern Spain. According to tradition, it was founded in 75 BC by Pompey the Great as a military settlement. It was left almost derelict after Moorish and Frankish invasions in the 5th century AD. It was captured from the Moors by Charlemagne in 778 and became the capital of the kingdom of Navarra under Sancho III. In 1512 the armies of King Ferdinand of Aragon-Castile entered Pamplona, and the portion of Navarra south of the Pyrenees was incorporated into Spain. The citadel built by King Philip II of Spain in 1571 made it the most strongly fortified town of the north. In 1841 it became the capital of the new Navarra province. The chief tourist attraction is the Fiesta de San Fermín (honouring its first bishop), which is celebrated with bullfights and the running of the bulls through the city streets. The fiesta is described in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.