Panipat, Battles of

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Panipat, Battles of

three battles important in Indian history, fought near the city of Panipat, about 100 km north of Delhi.

(1) The battle of Panipat on Apr. 21, 1526, ended in the victory of the Kabul ruler Baber over Ibrahim Lodi, the last sultan of Delhi; this enabled Baber to found the Mogul empire in North India.

(2) The battle of Panipat on Nov. 5, 1556, ended in Akbar’s victory over Hemu, a pretender to the Delhi throne, and led to the definitive consolidation of power by the Great Mogul dynasty.

(3) The battle of Panipat on Jan. 14, 1761, ended in the victory of the Afghan conqueror Ahmad Shah Durrani over the Mara-thas. However, it led to a weakening of both sides and to their withdrawal from North India; this in turn facilitated British colonial expansion in India.

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