Pao-Chia

baojia

 or pao-chia

Chinese village militia system created by Wang Anshi as part of his reforms of 1069–76. Units of 10 families were regularly trained and supplied with arms, thereby reducing the government's dependence on mercenaries. Members were mutually responsible for each other. The system was resurrected in the 19th century to help put down the Taiping Rebellion and was practiced again from 1934 to the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949.

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Pao-Chia 

before the victory of the people’s revolution of 1949 in China, a system of administrative and police organization of peasant homesteads into special pao, or units of 100 homesteads, and chia, which united up to 1,000 homesteads. The pao-chia system existed from ancient times. It was usually used for mutual guaranty, mutual surveillance, struggle against opponents of the authorities, and extortion of taxes from the people.