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Paracelsus
(redirected from Paracelsians)

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Paracelsus

 orig. Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim

(born Nov. 11 or Dec. 17, 1493, Einsiedeln, Switz.—died Sept. 24, 1541, Salzburg, Archbishopric of Salzburg) German-born Swiss physician and alchemist. He claimed to have received his doctoral degree at the University of Ferrara. He adopted the name “para-Celsus”—meaning “beyond Celsus” (the Roman authority on medicine)—and wandered throughout Europe and the Middle East, studying with alchemists. He valued the common sense of common people more than the dry teachings of Aristotle, Galen, and Avicenna and stressed nature's healing power. All were welcome at his lectures (which he gave in German, not Latin) at the University of Basel, but such broadmindedness scandalized the authorities, and eventually he was forced to flee the city. His written works include Great Surgery Book (1536). He anticipated by centuries the treatment of syphilis by mercury compounds, the realization that inhaled dust causes miners' silicosis, and homeopathy, and he was the first to connect goitre with minerals in drinking water.


Paracelsus
Philippus Aureolus , real name Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim. 1493--1541, Swiss physician and alchemist, who pioneered the use of specific treatment, based on observation and experience, to remedy particular diseases


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Although it is not easy to categorize the papers, familiar themes and issues are well presented: the problem of the comprehensibility of alchemical language, the nature of laboratory practice, debates between Paracelsians and both Galenists and mechanists, the difficulty of uncloaking alchemical charlatans and fraud, and the challenges of textual exegesis.
Libavius is well known to historians of chemistry, primarily through the work of Owen Hannaway, who portrayed the pious schoolmaster as earnestly attempting to wrest the domain of chemistry from wild-eyed and epistemologically dangerous Hermetists and Paracelsians, and, in the process, transformed chemistry into a teachable discipline.
 
 
 
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