Paris, Congress of definition of Paris, Congress of in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Paris, Congress of, 1856, conference held by representatives of France, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Sardinia, Russia, Austria, and Prussia to negotiate the peace after the Crimean War Crimean War (krīmē`ən)
..... Click the link for more information. . In the Treaty of Paris (Mar. 30, 1856), Russia agreed to the neutralization of the Black Sea, which was to be closed to war vessels and opened to the merchant marines of all nations. The Danubian principalities (Moldavia Moldavia (mŏldā`vēə), historic Romanian province (c.
..... Click the link for more information. and Walachia Walachia or Wallachia (both: wälā`kēə, wə–)
..... Click the link for more information. , after 1859 called Romania Romania (rōmān`ēə, –yə) or Rumania
..... Click the link for more information. ) were recognized as quasi-independent states under Ottoman suzerainty; to them Russia ceded the left bank of the mouth of the Danube Danube (dăn`y

b), Czech Dunaj, Ger. Donau, Hung.
..... Click the link for more information. and part of Bessarabia Bessarabia (bĕsərā`bēə), historic region, c.17,600 sq mi (45,600 sq km), largely in Moldova and Ukraine.
..... Click the link for more information. . The lower Danube was placed under an international commission. The boundaries of Russia and the Ottoman Empire in Asia were restored to their prewar limits (to the detriment of Russia). The Ottoman Empire became a member of the European concert, and its integrity was guaranteed; the sultan in turn promised to improve the status of his Christian subjects. Several principles of international law were adopted by the congress in the Declaration of Paris. The provisions of the treaty were altered (1878) by the Congress of Berlin Berlin, Congress of, 1878, called by the signers of the Treaty of Paris of 1856 (see Paris, Congress of ) to reconsider the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano , which Russia had forced on the Ottoman Empire earlier in 1878.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Bibliography

See C. D. Hazen et al., Three Peace Congresses of the Nineteenth Century (1917).