Pavlov, Ivan

Pavlov, Ivan (Petrovich)

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov.

(credit: Mansell Collection)

(born Sept. 26, 1849, Ryazan, Russia—died Feb. 27, 1936, Leningrad) Russian physiologist. He is known chiefly for the concept of the conditioned reflex. In his classic experiment, he found that a hungry dog trained to associate the sound of a bell with food salivated at the sound even in the absence of food. He expanded on Charles Sherrington's explanation of the spinal reflex. He also tried to apply his laws to human psychoses and language function. His ability to reduce a complex situation to a simple experiment and his pioneering studies relating human behaviour to the nervous system laid the basis for the scientific analysis of behaviour. After the Russian Revolution, he became an outspoken opponent of the communist government. He won a 1904 Nobel Prize for his work on digestive secretions.

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Pavlov, Ivan Nikolaevich 

Born Mar. 5 (17), 1872, in Popovka, in what is now Tula Oblast; died Aug. 30, 1951, in Moscow. Soviet engraver. Peoples’s Artist of the RSFSR (1943). Member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1947).

Pavlov studied at the Shtiglits Central School of Technical Drawing and in the studio of V. V. Mate (1891–92) in St. Petersburg. He taught in Moscow at the Stroganov Industrial Arts School from 1907 to 1914, the art school of the I. D. Sytin Typolithographic Association from 1915, and the free art studios of Vkhutemas (State Higher Art and Technical Studios) from 1917 to 1922. His students included V. I. Sokolov and M. V. Matorin. He was a member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia from 1925.

Pavlov specialized in color engraving. At first he created engravings for reproduction in magazines (Zaporozhets, from the study by I. E. Repin, 1895). Beginning in the first decade of the 20th century, he devoted himself mainly to original color woodcuts and linocuts (Ostankino, 1909; Grain Elevator on the Kama, 1925; the series Old Moscow, 1944–47). Pavlov received the State Prize of the USSR in 1943. He was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and various medals.

WORKS

Zhizn’ russkogo gravera. Moscow, 1963.

REFERENCE

Kornilov, P. I. N. Pavlov. Moscow-Leningrad, 1950.