Philip V, king of France

Philip V (Philip the Tall), c.1294–1322, king of France (1317–22), son of King Philip IV. He became regent in 1316 on the death of his brother Louis X, who was survived by his pregnant wife and infant daughter. On the death of John I John I or John the Posthumous, 1316, king of France, posthumous son of King Louis X. He lived only five days and was succeeded by his uncle, Philip V.
..... Click the link for more information. (1316), the posthumous son of Louis, Philip took the crown for himself in the absence of a direct male heir and was crowned (1317) king. This helped to establish the Salic law Salic law (sā`lĭk), rule of succession in certain royal and noble families of Europe, forbidding females and those descended in the
..... Click the link for more information. in France, which excluded females from the royal succession. Philip's reign was notable for his frequent consultations of national assemblies and for his administrative, judiciary, and military reforms. He was succeeded by his brother, Charles IV.

Philip V, king of Macedon

Philip V, 238–179 B.C., king of Macedon (221–179), son of Demetrius II, successor of Antigonus III. He won fame in a war in Greece (220–217), in which he sided with the Achaean League against the Spartans and the Aetolian League Aetolian League, confederation centering in the cities of Aetolia. It was formed in the 4th cent. B.C. and began to gain power in the 3d cent. in opposing the Achaean League and the Macedonians.
..... Click the link for more information. . When Italy was weakened by Hannibal's invasion, Philip tried to take the Roman holdings in Illyria, and he made (215) a treaty with Hannibal. This began the First Macedonian War with Rome (215–205), which ended favorably for Macedon. Philip collaborated (202) with Antiochus III Antiochus III (Antiochus the Great), d. 187 B.C., king of Syria (223–187 B.C.), son of Seleucus II and younger brother of Seleucus III, whom he succeeded. At his accession the Seleucid empire was in decline.
..... Click the link for more information. to expand in the Aegean by plundering the territorial possessions of Ptolemy V Ptolemy V (Ptolemy Epiphanes) (tŏl`əmē ĭpĭf`ənēz), d. 180 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (205–180 B.C.
..... Click the link for more information. . However, the frightened states of Rhodes and Pergamum coaxed Rome into entering the Second Macedonian War (200). This ended when Titus Quinctius Flamininus decisively defeated (197) Philip at Cynoscephalae (now Khalkodhónion, hills). From then on Philip collaborated with the Romans. He faced constant Roman interference, however, because of accusations against him from his neighbors. Philip extended his influence in the Balkans by three attacks on that region in 184, 183, and 181. His main efforts during this period were directed at rebuilding his kingdom. He was succeeded by his son Perseus.

Bibliography

See biography by F. W. Walbank (1940, repr. 1967).

Philip V, king of Spain

Philip V, 1683–1746, king of Spain (1700–1746), first Bourbon on the Spanish throne. A grandson of Louis XIV Louis XIV, 1638–1715, king of France (1643–1715), son and successor of King Louis XIII.

Early Reign

After his father's death his mother, Anne of Austria , was regent for Louis, but the real power was wielded by Anne's adviser, Cardinal
..... Click the link for more information. of France, he was titular duke of Anjou before Charles II Charles II, 1661–1700, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily (1665–1700), son and successor of Philip IV. The last of the Spanish Hapsburgs, he was physically crippled and mentally retarded.
..... Click the link for more information. of Spain designated him as his successor. Louis XIV accepted the Spanish throne for his grandson and thus precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession Spanish Succession, War of the, 1701–14, last of the general European wars caused by the efforts of King Louis XIV to extend French power. The conflict in America corresponding to the period of the War of the Spanish Succession was known as Queen Anne's War
..... Click the link for more information. (1701–14), which severely reduced Spanish power. The peace treaties (see Utrecht, Peace of Utrecht, Peace of, series of treaties that concluded the War of the Spanish Succession . It put an end to French expansion and signaled the rise of the British Empire. By the treaty between England and France (Apr.
..... Click the link for more information. ) left Spain its colonial empire, but forced it to cede the Spanish Netherlands, Sardinia, Milan, and Naples to Austria and Sicily to Savoy. For having sided with Philip's chief rival in the war, Archduke Charles (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, 1685–1740, Holy Roman emperor (1711–40), king of Bohemia (1711–40) and, as Charles III, king of Hungary (1712–40); brother and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I .
..... Click the link for more information. ), Philip deprived Catalonia, Aragón, and Valencia of most of their autonomous privileges.

Of an indolent and melancholy disposition, Philip was dominated by women. At first the princesse des Ursins Ursins, Marie Anne de la Trémoille, princesse des
..... Click the link for more information. , lady in waiting to Philip's first consort, Maria Luisa of Savoy, dominated his court. In 1714, Philip married Elizabeth Farnese Elizabeth Farnese (färnā`sā)
..... Click the link for more information. , who took complete control of her husband's policies and who was in turn dominated by the chief minister, Cardinal Alberoni Alberoni, Giulio (j
..... Click the link for more information. . The attempt by the queen and Alberoni to reconquer the former Spanish territories in Italy led to the formation of the Quadruple Alliance Quadruple Alliance, any of several European alliances. The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal Alberoni , sought by force to nullify the peace
..... Click the link for more information. of 1718, to which Spain had to submit in 1720. In 1724, Philip abdicated the throne of Spain to his eldest son, Louis, but resumed it later that year after Louis died of smallpox.

Spain's foreign policy continued to be governed to a large extent by dynastic ambition and became successful so far as the house of Bourbon Bourbon (b
..... Click the link for more information. was concerned. In the War of the Polish Succession Polish Succession, War of the, 1733–35. On the death (1733) of Augustus II of Poland, Stanislaus I sought to reascend the Polish throne. He was supported by his son-in-law, Louis XV of France.
..... Click the link for more information. (1733–35) Naples and Sicily passed to Don Carlos (later Charles III of Spain), son of Philip and Elizabeth; in the War of the Austrian Succession 2)) was signed. Prussia gained Silesia and thus emerged as a major European power; the Hapsburgs thenceforth looked to the east for resources to develop their state.

Bibliography

See biography by E. Crankshaw, Maria Theresa (1970); C. A.
..... Click the link for more information. (1740–48) Parma and Piacenza passed to Charles's younger brother Philip. Spain's entry into the War of the Austrian Succession was preceded (1739) by the outbreak of the War of Jenkins's Ear Jenkins's Ear, War of, 1739–41, struggle between England and Spain. It grew out of the commercial rivalry of the two powers and led to involvement in the larger War of the Austrian Succession .
..... Click the link for more information. with Great Britain. In 1733 the first Franco-Spanish Family Compact Family Compact, several alliances between France and Spain in the form of agreements between the French and Spanish branches of the Bourbon family. The first of the three compacts, the Treaty of the Escorial (1733), was continued and extended by the second agreement
..... Click the link for more information. was concluded. Under Philip, Spain began to recover from the economic stagnation of the 17th cent., especially after the rise (1743) of the reforming minister Ensenada Ensenada, Zenón de Somodevilla, marqués de la (thānōn` dā sōmōth
..... Click the link for more information. . Philip was succeeded by Ferdinand VI Ferdinand VI, b. 1712 or 1713, d. 1759, king of Spain (1746–59), son of Philip V by his first queen, Marie Louise of Savoy. When Ferdinand succeeded his father, his stepmother, Elizabeth Farnese , lost her power at court and went into retirement.
..... Click the link for more information. , his son by Maria Luisa.

Bibliography

See biography by H. Kamen (2001).

Philip V

(born 238—died 179 BC, Amphipolis, Macedonia) King of Macedonia (221–179). Son of Demetrius II, he succeeded Antigonus Doson. He supported the Hellenic League against Sparta, Aetolia, and Elis (220–217), allying himself with Hannibal in 215 and attacking Roman client states in Illyria. Rome responded in the First Macedonian War. Intrigue against Egypt and Philip's unsuccessful sea battle with Rhodes and Pergamum led Rome to initiate the Second Macedonian War, in which it prevailed at Cynoscephalae (197). Rome's harsh terms eased after Philip made common cause against its Greek foes. Fearing that Rome would turn on him again, he attempted to expand by attacking the Balkans (184, 183, 181); he died on a fourth attempt in 179.

Philip V

Spanish Felipe orig. Philippe, duke d'Anjou

(born Dec. 19, 1683, Versailles, France—died July 9, 1746, Madrid, Spain) King of Spain (1700–46). Grandson of Louis XIV of France and great-grandson of Philip IV of Spain, Philip was named to succeed the childless Charles II as king in 1700. Louis's refusal to exclude Philip from the line of succession to the French throne led to the War of the Spanish Succession. The resultant Peace of Utrecht (1713) deprived Philip of the Spanish Netherlands and parts of Italy, but it left him Spain and Spanish America. Initially influenced by his French advisers through his wife, Maria Luise of Savoy, after her death (1714) he was influenced by his second wife, Elizabeth Farnese, and her Italian advisers. Attempts to secure territories in Italy caused the formation of the Quadruple Alliance (1718) against Spain. Philip later brought Spain into the War of the Austrian Succession. His reign marked the beginning of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain (see house of Bourbon).

Philip V

1683--1746, king of Spain (1700--46) and founder of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. His accession began the War of Spanish Succession (1701--13)