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photolithography

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photolithography

A lithographic technique used to transfer the design of circuit paths onto printed circuit boards as well as the circuit paths and electronic elements of a chip onto a wafer's surface.

A photomask is created with the design for each layer of the board or wafer (chip). The board or wafer is coated with a light-sensitive film (photoresist) that is hardened when exposed to light shining through the photomask. The board or wafer is then exposed to an acid bath (wet processing) or hot ions (dry processing), and the unhardened areas are etched away. See chip and printed circuit board.


photolithography
Electronics a process used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, thin-film circuits, optical devices, and printed circuits in which a particular pattern is transferred from a photograph onto a substrate, producing a pattern that acts as a mask during an etching or diffusion process

photolithography [¦fōd·ō·li′thäg·rə·fē]
(graphic arts)
Lithography in which photographically produced plates or masks are used.


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For instance, photolithography requires two steps to form and pattern a film, whereas MIMIC requires only one - since forming and patterning a polymer film occur simultaneously.
Photolithography systems are currently reaching the physical limits of their resolution, and thus problems with advanced semiconductor designs, particularly densely populated circuit patterns, are inevitable.
Today's semiconductor manufacturers use photolithography to etch microscopic circuits onto computer chips: They shine light through a mask onto a photosensitive surface to create the circuit's pattern.
 
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