Prize Law

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Prize Law

the system of international laws and rules that regulates the seizure of merchant vessels and cargo at sea by warring countries.

Unlike the rules of land warfare, rules of naval warfare recognize the seizure of private enemy property by warships as just, based on international custom and the resolutions of numerous conferences, including the Paris Declaration of 1856, the Hague Convention of 1907, and the London Declaration of 1909. It is also permitted to seize merchant vessels of a neutral country if they are carrying contraband or providing other services for the enemy. The property of the merchant vessels, the prize, is declared to be the property of the state that seized it upon a decision by special judicial or administrative bodies (prize courts), which are specially established during wartime. In Great Britain and the United States prize hearings are held within the framework of the regular legal system.

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