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proteolysis |
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proteolysisProcess in which a protein is broken down partially, into peptides, or completely, into amino acids, by proteolytic enzymes, present in bacteria and in plants but most abundant in animals. Proteins in food are attacked in the stomach by pepsin and in the small intestine mainly by trypsin and chymotrypsin from the pancreas. Proteolytic enzymes are secreted as zymogens, which are themselves converted by proteolysis to their active forms. Many other zymogens or precursors undergo proteolysis to form active enzymes or proteins (e.g., fibrinogen to fibrin). In cells, proteolytic degradation of old proteins is part of cellular maintenance. proteolysis [‚prōd·ē′äl·ə·səs] (biochemistry) Fragmentation of a protein molecule by addition of water to the peptide bonds. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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The proteins involved in protein degradation or apoptosis can be damaged or prevented from doing their jobs by mutations, or by factors that accelerate the accumulation of garbage in and damage to the cell. The two scientists were investigating why some types of protein degradation require energy, while other types, such as the breakdown of food proteins by the stomach's digestive enzymes, do not. In this case, we now have a class of drug targets that may be capable of therapeutic applications in a variety of disease conditions which require manipulation of nuclear protein degradation. |
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