Raphael (redirected from Raffaello)

Raphael (răf`ēəl, rā`–), archangel. He is prominent in the book of Tobit, as the companion of Tobias, as the healer of Tobit, and as the rescuer of Sara from Asmodeus. Milton made him a featured character of Paradise Lost. Feast: Sept. 29 (jointly with the other archangels).

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Raphael

 orig. Raffaello Sanzio

(born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino—died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States) Italian painter and architect. As a member of Perugino's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510–11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante, and took charge of virtually all the papacy's projects in architecture, painting, and the preservation of antiquities. When he died on his 37th birthday, his last masterpiece, the Transfiguration altarpiece, was placed at the head of his bier.

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Raphael

In the Bible and the Qur'an, one of the archangels. In the apocryphal book of Tobit he appears in human disguise and conquers the demon Asmodeus. His name in Hebrew means “God has healed,” and in Tobit his business is to heal the earth. Raphael is reckoned among the saints in both Eastern and Western churches, and his feast day is October 24.

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Raphael¹

1. Bible one of the archangels; the angel of healing and the guardian of Tobias (Tobit 3:17; 5--12). Feast day: Sept. 29

2. original name Raffaello Santi or Sanzio. 1483--1520, Italian painter and architect, regarded as one of the greatest artists of the High Renaissance. His many paintings include the Sistine Madonna (?1513) and the Transfiguration (unfinished, 1520)

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Raphael²

Bible one of the archangels; the angel of healing and the guardian of Tobias (Tobit 3:17; 5--12). Feast day: Sept. 29

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Raphael

God’s healer and helper in Book of Tobit. [Apocrypha: Tobit]

See : Angel