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Rashidun

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Rashidun


(Arabic; “Rightly Guided”)

First four caliphs of the Islamic community: Abu Bakr, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, and 'Ali. As Islam's first rulers after Muhammad, they assumed all his duties except prophecy: they led the congregation in prayer, delivered the Friday sermons, and commanded the army. The caliphate of the Rashidun expanded the Islamic state beyond Arabia into Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iran, and Armenia. They were also responsible for the adoption of the Islamic calendar and the establishment of an authoritative reading of the Qur'an.



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In fact, the organization believed that the rise of nationalism among Muslims, including Arabs and Persians, was the result of the "criminal" practices of the Ummayyad dynasty - that followed the rule of the Prophet Muhammad and the Rashidun - which restricted Government posts to Arabs and discriminated against non-Arab Muslims, particularly Persians, thereby giving rise to violent reactions by Persians and other non-Arab Muslims.
 
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