Real Presence, expression of the belief among certain Christians, especially Roman Catholics and some Anglicans, that the actual presence of the body and blood of Jesus is in the Eucharist Eucharist (y
`kərĭst) [Gr.
..... Click the link for more information. . Saints Ignatius of Antioch Ignatius of Antioch, Saint (ĭgnā`shəs, ăn`tēŏk), d. c.
..... Click the link for more information. , Justin Martyr Justin Martyr, Saint, c.A.D. 100–c.A.D. 165, Christian apologist, called also Justin the Philosopher. Born in Samaria of pagan parents, he studied philosophy, and after his conversion in Ephesus to Christianity at about the age of 38, he went from place to
..... Click the link for more information. , and Irenaeus Irenaeus, Saint (īrĭnē`əs), c.125–c.202, Greek theologian, bishop of Lyons, and one of the Fathers of the Church .
..... Click the link for more information. wrote of the bread and wine of the Eucharist as the actual body and blood of Christ. In the 4th cent. the focus shifted to the substantial transformation of the elements; by the 7th cent. the idea that the bread and wine were transmuted or converted in substance to the body and blood of Christ was prevalent throughout Christendom. This transformation was the subject of controversy in the 9th and 11th cent., and a Roman Council of 1079 issued a statement declaring that the bread and wine are changed substantially through consecration. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) again sanctioned belief in transubstantiation. The doctrine recieved its classic formulation in the writing of St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas, Saint (əkwī`nəs) [Lat.
..... Click the link for more information. . The Council of Trent Trent, Council of, 1545–47, 1551–52, 1562–63, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked to meet the crisis of the Protestant Reformation .
..... Click the link for more information. , confronted with Protestant challenges, especially from Ulrich Zwingli Zwingli, Huldreich or Ulrich (h
..... Click the link for more information. and John Calvin Calvin, John, 1509–64, French Protestant theologian of the Reformation, b. Noyon, Picardy.
Calvin early prepared for an ecclesiastical career; from 1523 to 1528 he studied in Paris.
..... Click the link for more information. , issued an authoritative teaching upholding the doctrine of transubstantiation. For Protestant interpretations, see Lord's Supper Lord's Supper, Protestant rite commemorating the Last Supper. In the Reformation the leaders generally rejected the traditional belief in the sacrament as a sacrifice and as an invisible miracle of the actual changing of the bread and wine into the body and blood of
..... Click the link for more information. .
`kərĭst) [Gr...... Click the link for more information. . Saints Ignatius of Antioch Ignatius of Antioch, Saint (ĭgnā`shəs, ăn`tēŏk), d. c.
..... Click the link for more information. , Justin Martyr Justin Martyr, Saint, c.A.D. 100–c.A.D. 165, Christian apologist, called also Justin the Philosopher. Born in Samaria of pagan parents, he studied philosophy, and after his conversion in Ephesus to Christianity at about the age of 38, he went from place to
..... Click the link for more information. , and Irenaeus Irenaeus, Saint (īrĭnē`əs), c.125–c.202, Greek theologian, bishop of Lyons, and one of the Fathers of the Church .
..... Click the link for more information. wrote of the bread and wine of the Eucharist as the actual body and blood of Christ. In the 4th cent. the focus shifted to the substantial transformation of the elements; by the 7th cent. the idea that the bread and wine were transmuted or converted in substance to the body and blood of Christ was prevalent throughout Christendom. This transformation was the subject of controversy in the 9th and 11th cent., and a Roman Council of 1079 issued a statement declaring that the bread and wine are changed substantially through consecration. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) again sanctioned belief in transubstantiation. The doctrine recieved its classic formulation in the writing of St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas, Saint (əkwī`nəs) [Lat.
..... Click the link for more information. . The Council of Trent Trent, Council of, 1545–47, 1551–52, 1562–63, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked to meet the crisis of the Protestant Reformation .
..... Click the link for more information. , confronted with Protestant challenges, especially from Ulrich Zwingli Zwingli, Huldreich or Ulrich (h
..... Click the link for more information. and John Calvin Calvin, John, 1509–64, French Protestant theologian of the Reformation, b. Noyon, Picardy.
Early Life
Calvin early prepared for an ecclesiastical career; from 1523 to 1528 he studied in Paris.
..... Click the link for more information. , issued an authoritative teaching upholding the doctrine of transubstantiation. For Protestant interpretations, see Lord's Supper Lord's Supper, Protestant rite commemorating the Last Supper. In the Reformation the leaders generally rejected the traditional belief in the sacrament as a sacrifice and as an invisible miracle of the actual changing of the bread and wine into the body and blood of
..... Click the link for more information. .
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