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red giant
(redirected from Red giant branch)

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Acronyms, Wikipedia 0.01 sec.
red giant, star star, hot incandescent sphere of gas, held together by its own gravitation, and emitting light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation whose ultimate source is nuclear energy.
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 that is relatively cool but very luminous because of its great size. All normal stars are expected to pass eventually through a red-giant phase as a consequence of stellar evolution stellar evolution, life history of a star, beginning with its condensation out of the interstellar gas (see interstellar matter) and ending, sometimes catastrophically, when the star has exhausted its nuclear fuel or can no longer adjust itself to a stable
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. As a star uses up its hydrogen by converting it to helium, its central core contracts while the outer layers expand and cool; this process produces the low temperature and large size (from 10 to 1,500 times that of the sun) that characterize the red giant. Although most giant stars are red, some prominent giant stars are other colors near the red end of the spectrum, e.g., Arcturus Arcturus , brightest star in the constellation Boötes and 4th-brightest star in the entire sky; Bayer designation Alpha Boötis; 1992 position R.A. 14h15.3m, Dec. +19°13'.
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 (orange), Aldebaran Aldebaran , brightest star in the constellation Taurus; Bayer designation α Tauri; 1992 position R.A. 4h35.5m, Dec. +16°30'. An orange giant star (spectral class K5 III) with apparent magnitude averaging 0.
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 (orange), and Capella Capella, brightest star in the constellation Auriga; Bayer designation α Aurigae; 1992 position R.A. 5h16.1m, Dec. +45°59'. Capella is a yellow giant star of spectral class G8 III and is also a spectroscopic binary star with a component
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 (yellow). The largest and brightest stars (excluding supernovas supernova, a massive star in the latter stages of stellar evolution that suddenly contracts and then explodes, increasing its energy output as much as a billionfold.
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) are classed as supergiants. Blue supergiants, e.g., Rigel Rigel , bright star in the constellation Orion; Bayer designation Beta Orionis; 1992 position R.A. 5h14.2m, Dec. −8°13'. A huge, blue supergiant of spectral class B8 Ia, Rigel has an intrinsic brightness about 40,000 times as luminous
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, are young stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram Hertzsprung-Russell diagram [for Ejnar Hertzsprung and H. N. Russell], graph showing the luminosity of a star as a function of its surface temperature. The luminosity, or absolute magnitude, increases upwards on the vertical axis; the temperature (or some
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, whereas red supergiants, e.g., Betelgeuse Betelgeuse , bright star in the constellation Orion; Bayer designation α Orionis; 1992 position R.A. 5h54.8m, Dec. +7°24'. A red supergiant with a luminosity about 13,000 times that of the sun, it is of spectral class M2 Iab.
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 and Antares Antares , brightest star in the constellation Scorpius; Bayer designation Alpha Scorpii; 1992 position R.A. 16h27.6m, Dec. −26°22'. A red supergiant of spectral class M1, Antares has an apparent magnitude of about 0.
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, are old, highly evolved stars.


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Paired talks on theory and observation review the current status of solar abundances, main sequence stars, massive stars close to the main sequence, red giant branch, asymptotic giant branch stars, binaries, and nucleosynthesis.
 
 
 
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