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redox |
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redox (rē`dŏks): see oxidation and reduction oxidation and reduction, complementary chemical reactions characterized by the loss or gain, respectively, of one or more electrons by an atom or molecule. Originally the term oxidation ..... Click the link for more information. . oxidation-reductionor redoxAny chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred. Addition of hydrogen or electrons is reduction, and removal of hydrogen or electrons is oxidation (originally applied to combination with oxygen but now including transfer of hydrogen or electrons). The processes always occur simultaneously: one substance is oxidized by the other, which it reduces. The conditions of the substances before and after are called oxidation states, to which numbers are given and with which calculations can be made. (Valence is a similar but not identical concept.) The chemical equation that describes the electron transfer can be written as two separate half reactions that can in theory be carried out in separate compartments of an electrolytic cell (see electrolysis), with electrons flowing through a wire connecting the two. Strong oxidizing agents include fluorine, ozone, and oxygen itself; strong reducing agents include alkali metals such as sodium and lithium. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Phase II detoxification enzymes (such as glutathione-S-transferases and quinone reductase), which are responsible for metabolizing the products of phase I metabolic reactions, degrade these reactive intermediates by conjugation or reduction reactions, thereby protecting cells from oxidative DNA damage. Rate constants for several oxidation and reduction reactions were measured by the pulse radiolysis technique and compared with the rate constants for the same reactions in other solvents. In mullite-based products, a reaction between the iron- or the manganese oxides and the silica portion of the mullite can occur, but will require a higher melt temperature to drive the reduction reaction. |
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