Rauschenberg, Robert (redirected from Robert Rauschenberg)

Rauschenberg, Robert (rou`shənbûrg'), 1925–, American painter, b. Port Arthur, Tex. Rauschenberg studied with Josef Albers and in the late 1950s he came under the influence of Marcel Duchamp. With his friend Jasper Johns, Rauschenberg became a pivotal figure in the emerging pop art movement. His enormously inventive paintings, some of which incorporate silkscreen, include everyday images and objects and are executed in a loose, spontaneous style. He has also experimented extensively with assemblage. Gloria (1956; Cleveland Mus. of Art), Summer Rental III (1960; Whitney Mus., New York City), and the famous Monogram (1959; Moderna Museet, Stockholm), which incorporates a whole stuffed angora goat encircled by an automobile tire, are characteristic of the three-dimensional collages, known as "combines," which he created from 1954 to 1964. Major works of the 1980s and 90s are mainly large constructions. While Rauschenberg initiated the use of photographs in the 1950s, photographic images are particularly prevalent in his later works, as in the massive "Scenarios" paintings of the early 2000s, which also make use of computers and digital printers. One of contemporary American art's most prolific and influential figures, he has also collaborated with artists in other fields, such as composer John Cage and choreographers Merce Cunningham and Trisha Brown.

Bibliography

See catalogs of his work ed. by L. Alloway (National Collection of Fine Arts, 1976), W. Hopps et al. (Guggenheim Mus., 1997), and P. Schimmel (Mus. of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, 2005); biography by M. L. Kotz (2004); studies by C. Tomkins (1980, repr. 2005), M. Ormond (1985), B. Rose (1987), L. Steinberg (2000), B. W. Joseph (2002 as ed. and 2003), R. S. Mattison (2004), and P. Schimmel, ed. (2006).

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Rauschenberg, Robert

 orig. Milton Rauschenberg

(born Oct. 22, 1925, Port Arthur, Texas, U.S.) U.S. painter and graphic artist. He studied under Josef Albers. His “combine” paintings of the 1950s, incorporating objects such as soda bottles, traffic barricades, and stuffed birds, anticipated the Pop art movement. In later work, he used silkscreen and other techniques to transfer images from commercial print media and his own photographs to canvas, reinforcing the images and unifying them compositionally with bold strokes of paint. His work has roots in Dada and the ready-mades of Marcel Duchamp.

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Rauschenberg, Robert (1925–  ) painter; born in Port Arthur, Texas. He studied at the Kansas City Art Institute (1946–47), the Académie Julien, Paris (1947), and with Josef Albers and John Cage at Black Mountain College, North Carolina (1948–50). Traveling widely, he was based in New York City since 1950, where he and Joseph Albers paved the way for pop art of the 1960s. He worked with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, New York, as costume and stage designer (1955–64). An imaginative and eclectic artist, he used a mix of sculpture and paint in works he called "combines," as seen in The Bed (1955). From the late 1950s he incorporated sound and motors in his work, such as Broadcast (1959), and silk screen transfers, as seen in Flush (1964).