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Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore |
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Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore (mäksēmēlyăN` märē` ēzēdôr` rôbĕspyĕr`), 1758–94, one of the leading figures of the French Revolution French Revolution, political upheaval of world importance in France that began in 1789.
Origins of the RevolutionHistorians disagree in evaluating the factors that brought about the Revolution. ..... Click the link for more information. . Early LifeA poor youth, he was enabled to study law in Paris through a scholarship. He won admiration for his abilities, but his austerity and dedication isolated him from easy companionship. Returning to his native Arras, he practiced law and gained some reputation. He soon came under the influence of Jean Jacques Rousseau Rousseau, Jean Jacques (zhäN zhäk r Robespierre was elected to the States-General of 1789, and his influence in the Jacobin Club grew steadily until he became its leader (see Jacobins Jacobins (jăk`əbĭnz), political club of the French Revolution . In the spring of 1792 Robespierre opposed the war proposals of the Girondists Girondists (jĭrŏn`dĭsts) or Girondins Reign of TerrorOn July 27, 1793, Robespierre was elected to the Committee of Public Safety, where his power and prestige grew. The dangers of foreign invasion and the urgent need to maintain order and unity led the committee to inaugurate the Reign of Terror Reign of Terror, 1793–94, period of the French Revolution characterized by a wave of executions of presumed enemies of the state. Directed by the Committee of Public Safety, the Revolutionary government's Terror was essentially a war dictatorship, instituted to The Terror EndsThe law of 22 Prairial (June 10) gave the Revolutionary Tribunal greater powers just when military successes convinced the moderates in the Convention that emergency measures were no longer necessary. In answer to a speech by Robespierre that seemed to threaten further purges, former terrorists and ultrarevolutionaries joined the Plain in a dramatic rising within the Convention on 9 Thermidor Thermidor (thûr`mĭdôr, Fr. tĕrmēdôr`), 11th month of the French Revolutionary calendar . BibliographyThere are many biographies of Robespierre, notably those by G. F. E. Rudé (1975; the most favorable), D. Jordan (1979), and N. Hampson (1981); see also study by R. Scurr (2006). Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore (1758–1794) architect of the Reign of Terror (1793–1794). [Fr. Hist.: EB, 15: 907–910] See : Ruthlessness How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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